Karnataka II PUC Home Science (KSEAB) flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Balanced diet

A diet supplying all essential nutrients - energy, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals, fibre, and water - in the proportions needed for health, drawn from energy-giving, body-building, and protective food groups.

Energy value of fat

Fat supplies about 9 kcal per gram, more than double the 4 kcal per gram from carbohydrate or protein, which is why high-fat diets are energy dense.

Night blindness

Inability to see in dim light, caused by vitamin A deficiency. The retina's rhodopsin, needed for low-light vision, cannot be formed without adequate vitamin A.

Kwashiorkor

A protein-energy malnutrition disorder marked by oedema, swollen abdomen, fatty liver, and skin changes, occurring when energy intake is adequate but protein is severely deficient.

Marasmus

Severe overall energy and protein deficiency causing extreme wasting, loss of muscle and fat, and growth failure, usually in children under one year.

Complementary proteins

Two protein foods whose limiting amino acids differ, eaten together so they compensate: cereal (low lysine) with pulse (low methionine), as in idli, khichdi, or roti with dal.

Rancidity

Spoilage of fats and oils by oxidation or hydrolysis, producing off-flavours and odours. Prevented by antioxidants, airtight containers, and cool dark storage.

Pasteurisation

Heating milk to 63 °C for 30 minutes or 72 °C for 15 seconds followed by rapid cooling. It destroys pathogens and extends keeping quality without major nutrient loss.

Colostrum

The thick yellowish first milk secreted after delivery, rich in immunoglobulin A, protein, and vitamin A. It protects the newborn and should never be discarded.

Complementary feeding

Introducing soft, energy-dense, iron-rich foods at about six months while breastfeeding continues, because breast milk alone no longer meets the infant's energy and nutrient needs.

Goitre

Enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by iodine deficiency, which limits thyroid hormone synthesis. Prevented by iodised salt and countered by cooking goitrogenic vegetables.

Rickets

A childhood bone disease from vitamin D deficiency, causing soft bowed legs, delayed fontanelle closure, and skeletal deformity because calcium and phosphorus are poorly absorbed.

Anthropometry

Measurement of body dimensions for growth assessment: weight-for-age for underweight, height-for-age for stunting, and weight-for-height for wasting.

Adulteration test for starch

Adding iodine to suspected milk gives a blue-black colour if starch is present; pure milk shows only the iodine's own colour.

Dietary fibre

Indigestible plant material such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. It adds bulk, prevents constipation, and helps lower blood cholesterol and glucose spikes.

French seam

A seam that encloses its raw edges twice, sewn wrong sides together then right sides together. Used on sheer or light fabrics and unlined garments.

Plain weave

The simplest weave, with each weft thread passing alternately over and under each warp thread. It is strong, firm, and the base for most cotton shirting.

Twill weave

A weave producing diagonal lines on the fabric surface, made by passing weft threads over two or more warp threads in a stepped pattern. Strong and dirt-resistant, as in denim.

Wool care

Wool is a protein fibre: wash in cool water with neutral soap, avoid alkali and bleach, never agitate in heat, dry flat in shade, and protect from moths.

Thermoplastic fibres

Man-made fibres such as polyester and nylon that soften and melt on heating, so they must be ironed on low heat, often through a damp cloth.

Selvedge

The self-finished edge of woven fabric running parallel to the warp. Pattern pieces are aligned with the straight grain, parallel to the selvedge, when laid out.

Seam allowance

Extra fabric added beyond the stitching line, usually 1 to 1.5 cm, allowing the seam to be sewn and finished without reducing the garment to below its intended size.

Basting stitch

A long temporary running stitch used to hold fabric layers together before final stitching or fitting, removed once the permanent seam is sewn.

Body measurements

Readings taken for drafting a garment: bust, waist, hip, shoulder width, neck depth, sleeve length, and garment length, taken snugly over light clothing.

Piaget's preoperational stage

The stage from about two to seven years, marked by egocentrism, animism, symbolic play, and lack of conservation - the child cannot yet grasp that quantity is unchanged by shape.

Authoritative parenting

A style combining high warmth with firm, explained limits. It is consistently linked with better self-regulation, social competence, and academic outcomes than authoritarian or permissive styles.

Parallel play

A play stage in which young children play side by side with similar toys but without interacting or sharing goals, typical of toddlers and a step before cooperative play.

Family life cycle

The stages a family passes through - beginning, childbearing, contracting, and ageing - each with distinct needs, roles, and demands on time and money.

Home management process

The cycle of planning, organising, implementing, and evaluating applied to household resources of time, money, energy, and space to reach family goals.

Consumer rights

Entitlements including safety, information, choice, being heard, redressal, and consumer education, protected in India by the Consumer Protection Act, 2019.

Oral rehydration solution

A mixture of water, salt, and sugar given in diarrhoea to replace lost fluid and electrolytes. Zinc for 14 days alongside ORS reduces severity and recurrence.

Aedes mosquito control

Aedes, the dengue vector, breeds in clean stagnant water in containers, so control means emptying, covering, and scrubbing water storage, pots, and coolers weekly.