KSEAB SSLC FL Urdu flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Markazi khayal

The central idea or theme of a nasr lesson. State it in one sentence, then support it with a specific incident or line from the text.

Character sketch in nasr

A description built from role in the story, two defining qualities, and one incident proving each quality. Never list adjectives without textual evidence.

Nasr versus nazm

Nasr is prose, judged on narrative order, dialogue and moral lesson. Nazm is poetry, judged on imagery, rhyme and the poet's message.

Cause-effect question

A comprehension item asking why something happened. Locate the sentence giving the reason, then answer in a full sentence using the same tense as the question.

Title and theme link

Lesson titles usually carry the moral. Connect the title's literal meaning to the story's outcome to answer theme questions safely.

Radif

The repeated word or phrase appearing at the end of every verse in an Urdu ghazal or nazm, giving the poem its refrain and unity.

Qafiya

The rhyming word placed immediately before the radif in each verse. All verses share the same qafiya sound pattern.

Tashbeeh

The poetic device of simile, where one thing is explicitly compared to another using words such as 'jaise' or 'ki tarah'.

Istiara

Metaphor in Urdu poetry: an image applied directly to something without a comparison word. Distinct from tashbeeh, which uses explicit comparison.

Tafheem-e-sher

Appreciation of a verse in three steps: literal meaning first, then the feeling it creates, then the poet's message or purpose.

Poet context caution

Only name a poet when the textbook prints that name with the poem. If unsure, discuss the theme and devices and omit the attribution entirely.

Muzakkar and muannas

The two Urdu grammatical genders, masculine and feminine. Adjectives and verbs must agree with the noun's gender and number.

Ne marker

The ergative particle placed before the subject of a transitive verb in the perfective tense, as in 'us ne kitab parhi'.

Ka, ke, ki

Possessive particles that agree with the possessed noun, not the possessor: 'larke ki kitab', 'larki ka qalam'.

Broken plural

An irregular Urdu plural formed by changing the word's internal vowels rather than adding a suffix, such as kitab becoming kutub.

Muhavara

An idiom whose meaning is figurative, not literal. 'Aankh ka tara' means a beloved person, not a star in the eye.

Zarb-ul-misl

A fixed Urdu proverb. Its wording is unchangeable, so reproduce it exactly; altering a single word makes the answer incorrect.

Active to passive

In Urdu, 'us ne likha' becomes 'us se likha gaya'. The ne subject changes to se and the verb takes gaya, gayi or gaye.

Mutradif and zid

Mutradif means synonym and zid means antonym. Give them only for standard pairs; otherwise define the word in a short phrase.

Mazmoon structure

An essay opens with a statement of the topic, develops two or three body paragraphs with examples, and closes by restating the main point.

Private letter opening

A personal letter begins with 'Pyare' or 'Aziz' plus the name, and ends with 'Tumhara' or 'Aapka' plus the writer's name.

Formal letter opening

An application or official letter opens with 'Hazrat-e-Mohtaram', states the purpose in the first two lines, and closes with 'Aapka mukhlis'.

Khulasa rule

A précis reduces the passage to about one-third, keeps the third person, drops examples and dialogue, and adds no personal opinion.

Dialogue writing format

Each speaker's line follows a dash or colon, turns stay short, and the two voices differ: one asks, the other answers with reasons.

Question-first reading

Read the comprehension questions before the unseen passage, so you scan for specific answers instead of reading sequentially and running out of time.

Inference item

A question about what the passage implies rather than states. Choose the answer that follows logically from the given evidence.

Vocabulary in context

The meaning a word carries in that particular sentence, which may differ from its most common dictionary sense.

Best title question

A title question where the correct option covers the whole passage, not merely the example given in the first paragraph.

Writer's purpose

The aim behind a passage: to inform, persuade, describe or narrate. Decide, then cite the sentence that demonstrates it.

Plot order question

A non-detailed item asking where an incident falls. Fix the beginning, middle and end of the story before answering.

Conflict in a story

The tension created when a character wants something and a person or circumstance blocks it. Identifying it reveals the story's theme.

Narrator versus author

In a first-person story the narrator reports only what that character knows, which may be less than the author intends the reader to understand.

Moral of a story

A one-sentence statement of the value the story teaches, such as sachai or wafadari, supported by a specific incident from the text.