KSEAB SSLC FL Urdu key terms

The prose section of the Urdu textbook, containing lessons, stories and biographical sketches studied for comprehension, theme and character analysis.

Urdu poetry written in rhymed or free verse, studied for theme, imagery, tone and the poet's background and message.

A lesson or prose passage in the textbook that forms the basis of comprehension questions, vocabulary exercises and thematic discussion.

The central idea or main message of a prose lesson or poem, usually stated in one or two sentences after reading the whole text.

The topic or subject of a piece of writing; in poetry it is the theme the poet develops through images and argument.

A character in a story or lesson; candidates describe traits, motives and development using evidence from the text.

A narrative story with plot, characters and a moral, often found in the supplementary reader and analysed for events and lessons.

A moral lesson or warning drawn from a story's events, frequently asked as the purpose or teaching of a narrative.

Simile: an explicit comparison between two things using words such as 'jaise' or 'ki tarah', one of the most commonly tested poetic devices.

Metaphor: applying a word to something it does not literally denote, so that an implicit comparison is created without 'like' or 'as'.

An indirect allusion or hint, where the intended meaning is suggested rather than stated openly; often tested alongside metaphor and simile.

The rhyming word at the end of a verse, repeated in a pattern across the poem; tested by identifying rhyming pairs in a couplet.

The repeated word or phrase that follows the qafiya at the end of verses, giving the poem its refrain-like sound.

The metre of a poem, determined by the pattern of short and long syllables; used when explaining rhythm and recitation.

A noun: a word naming a person, place, thing or idea, classified further as common, proper, abstract or collective in grammar exercises.

A verb: a word expressing an action or state, analysed for tense, person, number and agreement with its subject.

An adjective: a word that describes or qualifies a noun, matching it in gender and number where Urdu requires agreement.

A pronoun such as 'main', 'tum', 'woh' or 'hum', used to replace a noun; tested for correct form, person and agreement.

A sentence: a complete unit of meaning with subject and predicate, corrected in grammar exercises for order and agreement.

Singular and plural forms of nouns and verbs, a standard grammar topic requiring correct plural endings and verb agreement.

Masculine and feminine gender of nouns and adjectives; Urdu agreement rules make this a frequent exam item.

An idiom: a fixed expression whose meaning cannot be guessed from its individual words, tested by completion and sentence use.

A proverb: a short traditional saying expressing accepted wisdom, often asked for its meaning or for use in a sentence.

An example or illustration used to clarify a rule or idea, also the term for a proverb-like analogy in language exercises.

An antonym: a word opposite in meaning to another, tested through matching pairs and sentence completion.

A synonym: a word with the same or nearly the same meaning as another, commonly tested in vocabulary matching items.

Vocabulary or word knowledge, covering meanings, synonyms, antonyms and correct usage in sentences.

An essay: a structured piece of writing with introduction, body paragraphs and conclusion, written on a given topic in the composition section.

A letter: formal or informal written communication following a set format of address, salutation, body and closing, tested in writing skills.

An application: a formal written request, usually to a headmaster or official, following a fixed layout and polite register.

A dialogue: a written conversation between two or more speakers, used in composition tasks and in analysing characters' speech.

A précis: a concise summary of a passage that keeps the main ideas and omits detail, written in the candidate's own words.

Writing or composition as a skill, covering essay, letter, dialogue and summary tasks with attention to structure and correctness.

An extract or quoted passage given for reading; candidates answer comprehension and inference questions based only on it.

Inference: drawing a conclusion from evidence in the passage rather than from a directly stated sentence.

A leader or prominent figure in a biographical lesson or story, assessed for qualities such as courage, service and perseverance.

Homeland or country, a frequent theme in prose and poetry lessons about patriotism, sacrifice and civic responsibility.

Love or affection, a recurring theme in Urdu poetry and stories, often examined through imagery and the poet's tone.

Education, a common subject of prose lessons and essays, discussed in terms of its purpose, value and social benefits.

Hard work or effort, a value often illustrated by characters in stories and by the lives of national figures in prose lessons.