KSEAB SSLC TL Hindi flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Gadya lesson genres

Prose lessons in the SSLC Hindi textbook fall into katha (story), nibandh (essay), rekhachitra (portrait), sansmaran (memoir) and jeevani (biography). Genre decides which questions - plot, argument, or character - are likely.

Rekhachitra questions

Portrait lessons describe both outward appearance and inner qualities of a person. Full marks need one physical detail and one moral trait, each supported by a specific incident from the text.

Sansmaran tense markers

Memoir lessons narrate remembered events, so verbs typically appear in past forms tha, thi, the, or raha tha. Recognising these markers helps separate the narrator's present comment from recalled action.

Kavita ka saar structure

A central-idea answer has three parts: the literal scene the poem describes, the emotional or ethical message, and the universal lesson. Omitting the third part usually costs marks.

Anupras alankar

Anupras is the repetition of the same consonant sound in nearby words, producing musical effect. It does not require comparison; identify it by sound repetition alone, not by meaning.

Upma vs rupak

Upma compares using words such as sa, jaise, or jaisa. Rupak identifies one thing directly as another without a comparison word. The presence of a comparison particle decides between them.

Veer ras trigger

Veer ras arises from courage, battle, patriotism, or resolve. In answers, name the ras and quote the line expressing bravery or determination, since the examiner needs textual proof, not just the label.

Laksyan meaning in poetry

Poetic words often carry contextual (laksyan) rather than dictionary (vachyan) meaning. Word-meaning questions in poems require the sense the line supports, not the literal first dictionary entry.

Puraka Patha plot chain

Supplementary stories can be summarised as situation, problem, attempt, and outcome. This chain keeps summaries ordered and ensures the climax and resolution are both included in long-answer questions.

Moral with incident

Questions asking for a story's shiksha need the value named plus the incident proving it. A bare value word such as 'honesty' earns only partial credit without textual support.

Inference in supplementary text

Questions like 'what would have happened if' test inference. The answer must remain consistent with how the story actually ends, so do not invent outcomes that contradict the text.

Swar sandhi

Swar sandhi joins two vowels, producing dirgh, gun, vriddhi, yan, or ayadi forms. When splitting a word, check the resulting vowel length, because the sandhi type depends on it.

Dvandva samasa

In dvandva samasa both members carry equal weight and can be joined by 'aur'. Neither word is subordinate, which distinguishes it from tatpurush, where the final member dominates.

Bahuvrihi samasa

Bahuvrihi is a compound that names a third entity rather than either member, such as dashanan for a ten-headed person. Neither component is the thing being referred to.

Karan karak

Karan karak marks the instrument or means of an action and takes the vibhakti markers se or ke dwara. It answers 'by what means', not 'by whom', which is karta.

Karmavachya conversion

In karmavachya the object becomes the grammatical subject and the verb shifts to a passive form with jaana. The original subject takes se or ke dwara and the verb agrees with the new subject.

Muhavara vs lokokti

A muhavara is a phrase with figurative meaning used inside a sentence. A lokokti is a complete proverb expressing folk wisdom and is quoted whole, without conjugation into the sentence.

Apathita answer sourcing

Unseen-passage answers must be drawn from the passage itself, even if general knowledge suggests otherwise. The passage is the authority, and outside facts are not credited.

Causal connectors in passages

Words such as kyonki, isliye, and parinamswarup signal cause and effect inside a passage. Locating them quickly gives the structure for any 'why' question on the unseen text.

Title-justification answer

When asked whether a passage's title is suitable, give a yes or no, one reason drawn from the passage, and an alternative title if the question requests one. All three parts carry marks.

Formal letter format

A formal Hindi letter contains sender's address, date, receiver's address, subject line, salutation, a two-to-three paragraph body, closing, and signature. Format is marked separately from content.

Anuchhed lekhan structure

A paragraph opens with one topic sentence, develops through three or four supporting sentences, and closes with a concluding sentence. Bullet points and headings are not used in paragraph writing.

Prarthana patra request

An application letter must state the request clearly in the first body paragraph and end with a formal request line. Burying the request in later paragraphs weakens the letter and loses marks.

Nibandh structure

An essay has an introduction, two or three body paragraphs with examples, and a conclusion. Both length and coherence are assessed, so examples must connect to the stated topic throughout.

Aankh ka tara

This muhavara means the most beloved person, not a literal star in the eye. Sentences using it must show affection or special value, since the figurative sense is what is tested.

Paryayvachi clusters

Synonyms should be learned in clusters of three or four words per headword, because the exam often asks which synonym fits a particular sense rather than any synonym at all.

Tatsam vs tadbhav

Tatsam words keep their Sanskrit form, such as agni, while tadbhav words are the evolved Hindi forms, such as aag. Spelling patterns usually reveal which category a word belongs to.

Videshi shabd sources

Loan words in Hindi come mainly from Arabic, Persian, English, and Portuguese. Recognising the source helps in classification questions that ask whether a word is deshaj or videshi.

Vilom part of speech

An antonym must be the exact opposite and belong to the same part of speech. Offering a noun as the antonym of an adjective is treated as incorrect even if the meaning is opposed.

Anekarthi shabd test

Words with several meanings are tested in sentence context, so give the sense that fits the sentence's grammar and topic. Listing all dictionary meanings does not earn full credit.

Character trait answer

Character questions need three elements: the character's name, one action revealing the trait, and the trait word itself, such as dayalu or nishthavan. Missing the action weakens the answer.

Chhand matra counting

Chhand identification depends on counting matras per line and matching the pattern to a known metre. If the pattern is unclear, avoid guessing a metre name, since a wrong name loses the mark.