KTET Category 1 flashcards
KTET Category 1 · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Object permanence
- Piaget's sensorimotor achievement, around 8-12 months, in which a child knows an object still exists when hidden from view.
- Zone of Proximal Development
- Vygotsky's term for the gap between what a learner can do alone and what the learner can do with guidance from a more capable other.
- Conservation (Piaget)
- Understanding that quantity, mass or volume stays the same despite changes in appearance; appears in the concrete operational stage around age seven.
- Scaffolding
- Temporary, graded support given by a teacher or peer that is withdrawn as the learner gains competence, allowing independent performance.
- Formative assessment
- Ongoing assessment during teaching that gives feedback to adjust instruction and learning, rather than assigning a final grade.
- Inclusive education
- Schooling that adapts curriculum, materials and environment so that learners with diverse needs study together in regular classrooms.
- Kohlberg conventional level
- Second level of moral reasoning in which right action means meeting social expectations and upholding laws and approved norms.
- Intrinsic motivation
- Engagement driven by interest, curiosity or satisfaction in the activity itself, rather than by external rewards or punishments.
- Phoneme
- The smallest unit of sound that distinguishes meaning in a language, as the initial sounds of 'pat' and 'bat' do.
- Morpheme
- The smallest meaningful unit of a word; 'unhappiness' contains three, namely un-, happy and -ness.
- Diglossia
- A situation where one language community uses a formal written variety and a distinct everyday spoken variety, as in Tamil.
- Skimming and scanning
- Two reading strategies: skimming reads quickly for the general idea, while scanning searches rapidly for one specific piece of information.
- Communicative Language Teaching
- An approach in which classroom tasks centre on meaningful interaction and real communication rather than isolated grammar drills.
- Malayalam script
- A left-to-right alphasyllabary of Dravidian Malayalam with vowels, consonants, conjunct letters and chillu forms, related to Grantha.
- Tamil alphabet
- The Tamil script has twelve vowels (uyir), eighteen consonants (mei) and one ayutha ezhuthu, combined into uyirmei letters.
- Alphasyllabary
- A writing system in which each consonant symbol carries an inherent vowel, modified by added vowel signs, as in Kannada and Malayalam.
- Cloze test
- A comprehension test in which words are deleted from a passage and the learner supplies them using context and grammar cues.
- Reported speech backshift
- Shifting tense one step back when reporting speech, so present becomes past and past becomes past perfect.
- Third conditional
- A sentence pattern for unreal past situations: if plus past perfect in the clause, would have plus past participle in the result.
- Passive voice
- A construction where the object becomes subject and the verb takes be plus past participle, as in 'the letter was written'
- Definite article use
- 'The' marks a specific or previously mentioned referent; it is omitted before generic plurals and most proper nouns.
- Subject-verb agreement
- The rule that a verb matches its subject in number and person, as in 'she writes' versus 'they write'
- Integrative language test
- An assessment task such as an essay, summary or role play that requires learners to combine several language skills at once.
- Context clue
- Information in surrounding text, such as a definition, example or contrast, that helps a reader infer an unknown word's meaning.
- Conjunction types
- Coordinating conjunctions join equal units (and, but, or); subordinating conjunctions introduce dependent clauses (because, although, when).
- LCM and HCF relation
- For two positive integers, the product of their LCM and HCF equals the product of the two numbers themselves.
- Divisibility by 9
- A whole number is divisible by nine exactly when the sum of its digits is itself divisible by nine.
- Area of a circle
- The region enclosed by a circle equals pi multiplied by the square of its radius; circumference equals two pi r.
- Simple interest formula
- Interest equals principal multiplied by rate multiplied by time, divided by one hundred, with no compounding.
- Unitary method
- A proportion technique that first finds the value of a single unit, then multiplies to obtain the required quantity.
- Food chain order
- The sequence producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer and decomposer, through which energy and nutrients pass in an ecosystem.
- Water cycle stages
- The repeating sequence of evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation and collection that moves water through the environment.