KVS PGT flashcards
KVS PGT · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Zone of Proximal Development
- Vygotsky's concept describing the gap between what a learner can do alone and what they can do with guidance from a more knowledgeable other.
- Formative assessment
- Continuous, diagnostic evaluation during teaching that informs instruction and feedback, rather than assigning a final grade at the end of a course.
- Constructivism
- A learning theory holding that learners actively build knowledge by connecting new information to prior experience, rather than passively receiving transmitted facts.
- Criterion-referenced test
- An assessment that interprets a student's score against fixed learning criteria or competencies, not against the performance of other students in the group.
- Piaget formal operational stage
- The fourth stage, beginning around age eleven, in which learners reason abstractly, test hypotheses, and handle hypothetical and combinatorial problems.
- Kohlberg postconventional level
- The highest moral reasoning level, where right action is judged by social contracts and universal ethical principles rather than by rules or approval.
- Inclusive education
- An approach where students with disabilities learn in mainstream classrooms with reasonable accommodation, as recognised under the RPWD Act 2016.
- Higher-order thinking objectives
- In Bloom's revised taxonomy, the Analyse, Evaluate and Create levels, which require reasoning, judgement and original construction beyond recall.
- Principle of homogeneity
- The rule that every term in a physically valid equation must have identical dimensions, used to check equations but not to derive dimensionless constants.
- Rolle's theorem
- If a function is continuous on [a,b], differentiable on (a,b), and f(a)=f(b), then some point c in (a,b) has derivative zero.
- Le Chatelier's principle
- When a system at equilibrium is disturbed by concentration, pressure or temperature change, it shifts in the direction that partially counteracts the disturbance.
- Central dogma
- The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA through transcription, then to protein through translation on ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
- Tropic of Cancer in India
- The 23.5°N latitude that crosses eight Indian states, including Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram.
- Quit India Movement
- The 1942 mass movement launched by the Indian National Congress demanding immediate British withdrawal, following the earlier Non-Cooperation Movement of 1920.
- Electromagnetic induction
- The production of an electromotive force in a conductor when the magnetic flux linked with it changes, described quantitatively by Faraday's law.
- Trigonometric derivative pair
- In calculus, the derivative of sin x is cos x, and the derivative of cos x is negative sin x, forming the base of further trigonometric differentiation.
- Fundamental Rights scope
- Articles 12 to 35 of the Indian Constitution, covering equality, freedom, exploitation safeguards, religion, culture, education and constitutional remedies.
- Syllogism validity rule
- A conclusion is valid only when it holds in every possible Venn arrangement of the premises; otherwise it does not follow.
- Reverse alphabet coding
- A coding scheme where A=26 and Z=1; each letter's reverse position plus its normal position always equals 27.
- NITI Aayog
- The policy think tank created in 2015 to replace the Planning Commission, advising on development strategy and cooperative federalism.
- RBI nationalisation
- The Reserve Bank of India, established in 1935, was nationalised in 1949 and conducts monetary policy and currency regulation.
- Direction sense displacement
- When a path involves perpendicular movements, net displacement equals the hypotenuse of the right triangle formed by total north-south and east-west changes.
- Chandrayaan-3 landing
- India's 2023 lunar mission, whose lander touched down near the Moon's south pole in August, making India the first country to reach that region.
- Number series n(n+1)
- A pattern where terms equal consecutive integers multiplied by the next integer, giving 2, 6, 12, 20 and so on.
- विद्यालय संधि
- विद्या + आलय के मेल से बना दीर्घ स्वर संधि का उदाहरण, जिसमें आ + आ मिलकर आ बनता है।
- तत्पुरुष समास
- वह समास जिसमें उत्तर पद प्रधान होता है और पूर्व पद का लोप हो जाता है, जैसे राजपुत्र में 'राजा का' लुप्त है।
- कर्मधारय समास
- वह समास जिसमें विशेषण-विशेष्य या उपमेय-उपमान का संबंध होता है, जैसे नीलकमल में नीला विशेषण और कमल विशेष्य है।
- आँख का तारा
- एक हिंदी मुहावरा जिसका अर्थ है अत्यंत प्रिय व्यक्ति, जैसे माता-पिता के लिए उनका पुत्र आँख का तारा होता है।
- Present perfect tense
- An English tense formed with has or have plus the past participle, linking a completed past action to the present moment or its result.
- Oxymoron
- A figure of speech that joins two contradictory words for effect, such as 'bitter sweet' or 'living death', producing a striking paradox.
- Indirect speech shift
- In reported speech, present tenses usually become past, and time words change, for example 'now' becomes 'then' and 'today' becomes 'that day'.
- Passive voice formation
- The object becomes the subject, the verb takes be plus the past participle, and the original subject follows 'by'; only transitive verbs can be passivised.