KVS TGT flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Present perfect tense
- Has/have plus past participle. It shows an action with no stated finished time or one still relevant now. Contrast with simple past, which needs a definite past time.
- Active to passive voice
- The object of the active sentence becomes the subject. The verb becomes a form of 'be' plus the past participle. Only transitive verbs can be passivized this way.
- Third conditional structure
- If plus past perfect clause, then would have plus past participle. It describes an unreal past situation and its imagined result that did not happen.
- Phrasal verb 'put off'
- This phrasal verb means to postpone or delay something to a later time. Example: the meeting was put off until Monday because of heavy rain.
- Oxymoron definition
- A figure of speech joining two contradictory words in one phrase, such as 'bitter sweet' or 'living death', to create a striking effect or paradox.
- Subject-verb agreement rule
- In 'one of the plus plural noun', the verb stays singular. Words like each, every, either, neither, and subjects like news or mathematics also take singular verbs.
- स्वर के भेद
- हिंदी में स्वर मुख्यतः ह्रस्व, दीर्घ और प्लुत तीन प्रकार के होते हैं। उच्चारण की मात्रा के आधार पर यह वर्गीकरण होता है; प्लुत त्रिमात्रिक होता है।
- गुण संधि
- अ, आ के बाद इ, ई आए तो 'ए'; उ, ऊ आए तो 'ओ'; ऋ आए तो 'अर' बनता है। उदाहरण: सूर्य + उदय = सूर्योदय।
- बहुव्रीहि समास
- वह समास जिसमें दोनों पद मिलकर किसी तीसरे अर्थ की ओर संकेत करते हैं और कोई पद प्रधान नहीं होता। जैसे दशानन = दस मुख वाला रावण।
- अनुप्रास अलंकार
- जब एक ही वर्ण की आवृत्ति कई बार होती है, तो अनुप्रास अलंकार होता है। यह ध्वनि-सौंदर्य उत्पन्न करता है, जैसे 'चारु चंद्र की चंचल किरणें'।
- शांत रस
- नौ रसों में शांत रस को रसराज कहा जाता है। इसका स्थायी भाव निर्वेद या शम है और यह आत्मिक शांति व वैराग्य से जुड़ा है।
- मुहावरा: अंधे की लाठी
- इस मुहावरे का अर्थ है एकमात्र सहारा या अकेला भरोसेमंद व्यक्ति। इसका प्रयोग तब होता है जब कोई व्यक्ति किसी के लिए अंतिम आश्रय हो।
- Fundamental Rights articles
- Fundamental Rights are covered in Articles 12 to 35 of the Indian Constitution. Article 21A, added by the 86th Amendment in 2002, guarantees free education for children aged six to fourteen.
- RTE pupil-teacher ratio
- The Right to Education Act 2009 sets a pupil-teacher ratio of 1:30 at the primary level and 1:35 at the upper primary level in Indian schools.
- Chandrayaan-3 landing
- In August 2023 India's ISRO mission Chandrayaan-3 landed near the Moon's south polar region, making India the first country to achieve a soft landing there.
- NEP 2020 school structure
- The National Education Policy 2020 replaced the 10+2 structure with a 5+3+3+4 design covering ages three to eighteen, including three years of pre-school foundation.
- National symbols of India
- India's national animal is the tiger, the national bird is the peacock, the national flower is the lotus, the national fruit is the mango, and the national river is the Ganga.
- UN Security Council veto
- The United Nations was founded on 24 October 1945. Its Security Council has five permanent members who can block any substantive resolution by using the veto.
- Clock angle formula
- The angle between clock hands equals the absolute value of 30H minus 5.5M degrees. The hour hand moves half a degree per minute and the minute hand six degrees.
- Syllogism conclusion rule
- From 'all A are B' you can infer 'some B are A'. You cannot infer 'some A are not B'. Confirm each conclusion with a Venn diagram.
- Circular seating clockwise
- When all people face the centre of a circular arrangement, a person's left is clockwise and their right is anticlockwise. Reverse this when they face outward.
- Blood relation generation markers
- Mark each person's gender and generation level separately. The same generation is joined by equals, different generations by a minus sign, before drawing the final tree.
- Odd days in a year
- A normal year has one odd day and a leap year has two. A century contributes five odd days and four hundred years contribute zero odd days for calendar problems.
- Direction sense displacement
- Set north as plus y, south as minus y, east as plus x and west as minus x. Final straight-line distance is the square root of x squared plus y squared.
- Cache memory
- Cache is the fastest and costliest memory, placed between the CPU and main memory. It stores frequently used data to reduce access time during processing.
- RAM versus ROM
- RAM is volatile primary memory that loses data when power is off. ROM is non-volatile and retains its stored instructions permanently, including the boot firmware.
- Bloom's revised taxonomy
- The revised order is remember, understand, apply, analyse, evaluate and create. Objectives move from lower-order to higher-order thinking and guide question setting.
- Zone of Proximal Development
- Vygotsky's ZPD is the gap between what a learner can do alone and what they can do with guidance. Scaffolding supplies temporary support within this zone.
- Piaget's concrete stage
- In Piaget's concrete operational stage, roughly ages seven to eleven, children think logically about concrete objects but struggle with abstract and hypothetical reasoning.
- Formative versus summative
- Formative assessment happens during learning to give feedback and improve teaching. Summative assessment happens at the end to measure overall achievement against objectives.
- Lesson plan stages
- A lesson plan typically moves through prior-knowledge check, objective statement, presentation, guided practice, recap and evaluation, keeping objectives and assessment aligned.
- Distractor quality
- In objective items each distractor should be plausible to a learner with a common misconception, similar in length to the key, and grammatically consistent with the stem.