Grammar and sentence patterns
This domain, Grammar and sentence patterns, tests form and function: choosing particles, conjugating verbs and adjectives, and completing patterns that carry a specific meaning. Questions may be fill-in-the-particle, sentence reordering, or choosing the correct form in a short context. The core includes です/ます, plain forms, て-form, た-form, ない-form, and patterns such as ~ています, ~てください, ~てもいいです, ~てはいけません, ~なければなりません, ~たいです, ~ながら, ~より~のほうが, and ~ほど.
Rules that decide answers
- Particles: は marks topic; が marks subject or new information; を marks direct object; に marks time, destination, recipient, or existence location; で marks action location, means, or material; へ marks direction; と marks with/and; も means also.
- Verb groups: group 1 (う-row: 書く), group 2 (る-verbs: 食べる), irregular する and 来る.
- て-form: 書いて, 飲んで, 話して, 食べて, 行って, 来て, して.
- ない-form: 書かない, 食べない, 行かない, 来ない, しない.
- Adjective past: 高い→高かったです; 静か→静かでした.
Worked example
Choose the particle: 毎日、日本語_勉強しています。 Reasoning: 勉強する is transitive and 日本語 is its direct object, so を is required. で would mark a place or means, に a time or destination. Answer: を. The pattern ~ています here shows a repeated or habitual action, not necessarily "right now".
Traps
- Using に for an action location: 学校で勉強します, not 学校に.
- Writing 行て instead of 行って; いい past is よかった, not いかった.
- Mixing ます/です with plain forms in one sentence.
- Forgetting that ~てはいけません is prohibition, while ~てもいいです is permission.