Maharashtra HSC Textiles flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Mercerisation

Treatment of cotton with strong sodium hydroxide under tension, which swells the fibre, increases lustre, tensile strength, dye uptake and absorbency, and removes natural convolutions.

Moisture regain

Percentage of moisture a dry fibre absorbs from standard atmosphere (65% RH, 20°C), expressed as moisture weight divided by oven-dry weight times 100.

Regenerated fibre

Man-made fibre produced by dissolving a natural polymer and extruding it into filaments; viscose rayon and lyocell from cellulose, acetate from esterified cellulose.

Burning identification test

Diagnostic test where a fibre is held to a flame and observed for burning rate, smell and ash; cellulosics smell of paper, proteins of burnt hair, synthetics melt into hard beads.

Carding

Spinning process that opens and individualises fibre tufts into a parallel web and converts it into a sliver, removing trash and neps before drawing.

Cotton count (Ne)

Indirect yarn numbering giving the number of 840-yard hanks in one pound; a higher count means a finer yarn, and tex equals 590.5 divided by Ne.

Twist multiplier

Measure of yarn twist relative to thickness, calculated as turns per inch divided by the square root of cotton count; it controls yarn strength, handle and liveliness.

Core-spun yarn

Yarn with a continuous filament or elastomeric core covered by staple fibres, combining core strength or stretch with a soft natural-fibre surface.

Plain weave

Basic weave with one warp end interlacing alternately over and under each weft pick, giving maximum interlacing, firm handle, low drape and a reversible face.

Twill weave

Basic weave producing diagonal lines because warp or weft floats progress by one end each pick; softer and more drapeable than plain weave.

Course and wale

In knitted fabric, a course is a horizontal row of loops and a wale is a vertical column of interlocking loops formed by one needle.

Non-woven fabric

Sheet of fibres bonded mechanically, thermally or chemically without spinning yarn or interlacing threads; used in interfacing, wipes, filters and disposables.

Reactive dye

Cellulosic dye that forms a covalent bond with fibre hydroxyl groups in alkaline conditions, giving excellent wash fastness but requiring salt and generating coloured effluent.

Disperse dye

Finely dispersed, water-insoluble dye applied to hydrophobic synthetic fibres such as polyester and acetate, often by high-temperature or carrier methods and heat-set for fastness.

Resist printing

Printing technique where a paste prevents dye from reaching selected areas, as in batik wax resist, tie-dye and bandhani, producing patterned uncoloured or differently coloured grounds.

Sanforising

Mechanical compressive shrinking finish that pre-shrinks cotton fabric under controlled moisture and heat so residual shrinkage after washing stays within about one to two percent.

Micronaire

Air-flow measure of cotton fibre fineness and maturity expressed in micrograms per inch; low values indicate fine immature fibre, high values coarse mature fibre.

CIE L*a*b*

Colour space where L is lightness, a is red-green and b is yellow-blue; delta E quantifies the total colour difference between a sample and standard.

Crock fastness

Resistance of dyed fabric to colour transfer by rubbing, tested with a crock meter in dry and wet states and rated against the grey scale from one to five.

Control chart

Statistical quality tool plotting measured values over time with upper and lower control limits, used to detect assignable causes of variation in textile production.

Dart manipulation

Pattern technique of relocating a dart by pivoting around the bust point or slashing and spreading, changing dart position or adding fullness without altering garment fit.

French seam

Enclosed seam made by stitching wrong sides together, trimming, then stitching right sides together, hiding raw edges; suited to light and sheer fabrics.

True bias

Direction at exactly 45 degrees to warp and weft, giving maximum stretch and drape; bias-cut strips are used for binding and bias garments.

Ease

Difference between body measurement and garment measurement, comprising wearing ease for movement and comfort plus design ease for the intended silhouette.

Value in colour

Relative lightness or darkness of a colour; adding white produces a tint, adding black a shade, and adding grey a tone.

Bandhani

Gujarati tie-resist technique where small points of fabric are tied with thread before dyeing, producing dotted patterns; bandhani and leheriya are linked craft traditions.

Paithani saree

Maharashtra silk saree from Paithan woven with zari, featuring oblique square motifs and a peacock design on the pallu, traditionally in contrast colours.

Ikat

Resist-dyeing technique where yarns are bound and dyed before weaving, so patterns appear slightly feathered at the edges; Patola and Pochampally are Indian examples.

Khadi

Hand-spun and hand-woven cloth, usually cotton, promoted by Mahatma Gandhi as a symbol of self-reliance and swadeshi; it has a characteristic uneven texture.

Udyam registration

Online Indian MSME registration based on investment and turnover, giving access to credit schemes, subsidies, tender preferences and delayed-payment protection.

Break-even quantity

Number of units that must be sold to cover fixed costs, calculated as fixed cost divided by selling price minus variable cost per unit.

PM MITRA parks

Indian government scheme creating integrated textile parks with plug-and-play facilities across the value chain, aimed at investment, employment and reduced logistics cost.

Merchandiser

Textile and apparel professional who coordinates sampling, costing, order placement, production follow-up and delivery between buyer and factory.