Maharashtra SSC Self-Development & Art Appreciation Grade cheat sheet

Self-awareness = recognition of one's own thoughts, emotions, strengths, weaknesses, and values, and how these affect behaviour and others.

Self-concept has three parts: self-image (how I see myself), self-esteem (how I value myself), and ideal self (how I want to be).

Johari Window quadrants: open (known to self and others), blind (known to others only), hidden (known to self only), unknown (known to neither).

SWOT analysis sorts personal data into Strengths, Weaknesses (internal) and Opportunities, Threats (external).

SMART goal rule: a goal must be Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound.

Self-esteem differs from self-confidence: self-esteem is overall self-worth; self-confidence is belief in ability in a specific task.

Reflection cycle (Gibbs-style): what happened, what I felt, what I learned, what I will do differently.

Introspection and feedback are the two main data sources for accurate self-awareness; feedback reduces the blind quadrant.

WHO defines life skills as abilities for adaptive and positive behaviour that enable individuals to deal effectively with demands and challenges of everyday life.

Core WHO life skills: self-awareness, empathy, critical thinking, creative thinking, decision making, problem solving, effective communication, interpersonal relationships, coping with stress, coping with emotions.

Critical thinking evaluates information for evidence and bias; creative thinking generates alternatives; decision making selects among them.

Assertive behaviour states one's need while respecting the other person; aggressive ignores the other; passive ignores oneself.

Active listening components: attention, no interruption, paraphrasing, clarifying questions, and reflecting feelings.

Stress response stages (general adaptation syndrome): alarm, resistance, exhaustion; coping may be problem-focused or emotion-focused.

Conflict resolution steps: identify the issue, listen to both sides, find common interest, generate options, agree and review.

Erikson's psychosocial stages describe personality development across life; each stage poses a crisis whose resolution builds a virtue.

Elements of art: line, shape, form, colour, texture, space, and value (tone).

Principles of design: balance, rhythm, harmony, contrast, emphasis, proportion, movement, unity, and pattern.

Colour theory: primary colours (red, yellow, blue in pigment), secondary colours (orange, green, violet), tertiary colours from mixing adjacent primary and secondary.

Complementary colours lie opposite on the colour wheel and create maximum contrast; analogous colours lie next to each other and create harmony.

Warm colours (red, orange, yellow) appear to advance; cool colours (blue, green, violet) appear to recede.

Value means lightness or darkness of a colour; tint = colour plus white, shade = colour plus black.

Balance is symmetrical (mirror), asymmetrical (unequal but visually stable), or radial (from a centre point).

Proportion concerns relative size between parts; scale concerns size relative to a standard or the human figure.

Prehistoric Indian rock art is best known from Bhimbetka caves (Madhya Pradesh), showing hunting and animal forms in natural pigments.

Indus Valley art includes the bronze Dancing Girl, the steatite Priest-King, terracotta figurines, and seals with animal motifs.

Buddhist art developed stupa, chaitya and vihara forms; Sanchi Stupa carvings and Ajanta murals (fresco-secco technique) are key examples.

Classical mural traditions: Ajanta and Ellora (Maharashtra), Bagh, Badami, and later Thanjavur and Mysore painting styles.

Miniature painting schools: Mughal (naturalism, portraiture), Rajasthani (bold colour, Krishna themes), and Pahari (delicate line, hill settings).

Folk traditions include Warli (Maharashtra, white rice-paste geometry), Madhubani (Bihar), Kalamkari (Andhra Pradesh), Pattachitra (Odisha), Phad (Rajasthan).

Indian classical dance forms: Bharatanatyam (Tamil Nadu), Kathak (north India), Kathakali and Mohiniyattam (Kerala), Odissi (Odisha), Kuchipudi (Andhra Pradesh), Manipuri (Manipur), Sattriya (Assam).

Natyashastra by Bharata Muni codifies rasa (nine aesthetic emotions), bhava, mudra, and aharya (costume and make-up) in performance.

Drawing media: graphite pencil, charcoal, crayon, ink, pastel; each gives different value range and texture control.

Pencil grades run from 9H (hardest, lightest) through HB (middle) to 9B (softest, darkest).

Perspective rules: one-point (one vanishing point), two-point (two vanishing points), three-point (adds vertical vanishing point for height).

Still life composition places objects with overlap, varied size, and a clear focal point; avoid tangents and centred monotony.

Painting media: watercolour (transparent, wash), poster colour (opaque, flat), acrylic (fast-drying, opaque), oil (slow-drying, blendable), tempera.

Wash technique in watercolour: wet-on-wet for soft blends, wet-on-dry for crisp edges, dry brush for texture.

Craft processes include paper quilling, origami folds (mountain and valley), papier-mâché, clay modelling, tie-dye, and block printing.

Design process steps: define the brief, research, ideate sketches, select, produce, and evaluate against the brief.

Indian classical music has two systems: Hindustani (north) and Carnatic (south); both use raga (melodic framework) and tala (rhythmic cycle).

Raga components: aroha (ascending), avaroha (descending), vadi (main note), samvadi (second note); tala is marked by matra (beat) and sam (first beat).

Hindustani vocal forms: dhrupad, khayal, thumri, tarana; Carnatic forms: kriti, varnam, ragam-tanampallavi.

Instruments are classified as string (sitar, sarod, veena), wind (bansuri, shehnai, nagaswaram), percussion (tabla, mridangam), and solid/metal (ghatam, jal tarang).

Dance has nritta (pure rhythm), nritya (expressive), and natya (dramatic); abhinaya is expression through angika, vachika, aharya, and sattvika.

Drama elements: plot, character, dialogue, setting, conflict, theme, and spectacle; stage areas are upstage, downstage, stage left and right from the actor's view.

Theatre craft roles: director, playwright, actor, set designer, lighting designer, costume designer, sound operator, stage manager.

Media literacy questions: who created the message, what techniques attract attention, what values are included or omitted, and who profits.

Values are classified as personal, social, moral, aesthetic, and spiritual; a value is a stable belief guiding choice and behaviour.

Ethics asks what is right or wrong in conduct; morality is the lived practice of those standards in a community.

Kohlberg's moral development levels: pre-conventional (obedience and self-interest), conventional (social approval and law), post-conventional (universal principles).

Gandhian values: truth (satya), non-violence (ahimsa), self-discipline, trusteeship, and service to others.

Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution (Article 51A) list civic obligations such as respecting the Constitution, protecting the environment, and developing scientific temper.

Social responsibility levels: individual, family, school, community, and nation; each carries distinct duties.

Sustainable development balances economic, social, and environmental needs so that future generations are not harmed.

Ethical decision test: is it legal, is it fair to all affected, would I accept it done to me, and can it be disclosed openly.