Maharashtra SSC Persian: Script, Sentence Patterns, and Translation
The domain is SSC Persian language: the paper tests reading comprehension, recognition of Perso-Arabic script, core grammar, vocabulary in context, and controlled writing or translation. Because the published domain list does not itemise topics, build competence across script, sentence patterns, and short composition rather than memorising isolated words.
Script and sound
Persian uses the Perso-Arabic alphabet, written right to left. Letters change shape initially, medially, finally, and in isolation; ا د ذ ر ز ژ و do not join to the left. Short vowels are usually unwritten, so read the whole clause before choosing a meaning. Distinguish همزه, تشدید, and the Persian letters پ چ ژ گ from Arabic-only letters.
Sentence patterns
The normal order is subject–object–verb. The direct object is marked by را when definite: من کتاب را خواندم. The ezāfe (-e, written as a kasra or omitted; -ye after a vowel) links a noun to a following modifier: کتابِ نو, خانۀ بزرگ. Possessive suffixes attach to nouns: کتابم, کتابت, کتابش. Present endings are -am, -i, -ad, -im, -id, -and; past endings are -am, -i, -∅, -im, -id, -and. Negation uses نـ/ن before the verb, with subjunctive rules for prohibition.
Worked example
Translate: من کتابِ خواهرم را دیروز خواندم. Reasoning: من is the subject; کتابِ خواهرم is an ezāfe chain, “the book of my sister” = “my sister’s book”; را marks that phrase as definite object; دیروز is “yesterday”; خواندم is past first-person singular “I read”. Natural English: “Yesterday I read my sister’s book.” Do not translate را as “with”.
Traps
Do not drop ezāfe after a noun; do not attach plural -ها before ezāfe incorrectly; match verb endings with the subject; keep را for definite objects, not all objects; watch formal versus colloquial forms; and copy Persian punctuation (، ؛ ؟) in written answers.