Maharashtra SSC Russian (MSBSHSE) key terms

Appetite; the desire to eat. Appears in elementary reading passages about food and health, often in phrases like «приятного аппетита» (bon appétit) which students must recognize as a set expression rather than translate word by word.

Library; a place where books are kept and lent. Common in Russian textbook dialogues about school life, and a frequent answer word in comprehension questions asking where a character goes or borrows books from.

Question; also the word used in exam rubrics such as «ответьте на вопросы» (answer the questions). Recognizing it is essential for understanding what a comprehension task is asking you to do with a passage.

Time; a neuter noun with the irregular genitive plural «времени». Occurs constantly in passages about daily routine and in expressions like «сколько времени?» (what time is it?), which students must handle in reading and writing tasks.

Verb; the part of speech expressing an action or state. In the Maharashtra grammar section, students identify verbs in sentences and change their tense, person, and number, so the term itself appears in Marathi-medium instructions as «क्रियापद».

To speak or say; a second-conjugation verb used in introductions and dialogues. Its forms (говорю, говоришь, говорит) are among the first present-tense patterns a candidate must produce correctly in writing tasks.

City or town; a masculine noun used in reading passages about places, travel, and hometowns. Students often answer questions naming which city a character lives in or describing what is located there.

Day; a masculine noun with the irregular plural «дни» and a fleeting vowel in oblique cases (дня, дню). Central to passages about weekly schedules and to greetings such as «добрый день» (good afternoon).

Friend; a masculine noun whose plural «друзья» is irregular and must be memorized. Friendship is a recurring theme in prescribed textbook texts, and the word appears in letter-writing tasks asking about one's friends.

Health; a neuter noun used in passages about habits, sport, and illness. Candidates meet it in reading texts on lifestyle and in vocabulary exercises matching words to topics such as «спорт и здоровье».

To know; a first-conjugation verb used in sentences about knowledge, languages, and people. Its present-tense forms (знаю, знаешь, знает) are frequent in dialogues and in composition prompts about oneself.

First name; a neuter noun with the irregular forms «имени» and «имена». Used in personal-information tasks where students give their own name and the names of family members in the correct case.

Book; a feminine noun and one of the core vocabulary items of the prescribed textbook. It appears in reading texts about hobbies and in writing tasks asking students to describe what they read and why.

Which, who, that; a relative pronoun that agrees in gender, number, and case with its antecedent. Recognizing relative clauses built with «который» is essential for understanding longer sentences in reading passages.

Vocabulary; the set of words in a language or text. The exam's vocabulary section tests word meaning, synonyms, and topic grouping, so the term labels a whole question type students should recognize in instructions.

Place; a neuter noun used in answers about where events happen. Comprehension questions frequently ask «где?» (where?), and students must supply a place noun in the correct prepositional case.

Moscow; the capital of Russia and a recurring location in prescribed texts about Russian life and culture. Students should know its spelling, its prepositional form «в Москве», and a few basic facts used in composition tasks.

Man; a masculine noun ending in -а, which makes it a trap for gender guessing. It belongs to the vocabulary of describing people, and students must use the correct pronoun and adjective agreement with it.

Week; a feminine noun used in passages about schedules and timetables. Students must know the days of the week in order and answer questions such as what happens on a particular day.

Answer; the noun used in rubrics like «ответьте на вопросы» and in instructions to write short answers. Distinguishing it from «вопрос» prevents misreading a comprehension task.

Translation; the act of rendering text from one language into another, and the name of the exam section testing it. Candidates translate short Russian sentences into Marathi or English and simple sentences back into Russian.

Letter; also the writing skill of composing a short informal letter. The exam asks for a few connected sentences with a greeting, a body answering prompt points, and a closing, so this is a productive writing term.

Preposition; an uninflected word governing the case of the following noun. Case usage after prepositions such as «в», «на», «с», and «о» is a standard grammar item, and errors here cost marks in writing.

Adjective; a word describing a noun and agreeing with it in gender, number, and case. The exam tests choosing the correct ending, so students must match adjective forms to the noun they modify.

Russia; the country whose language is studied, and a frequent topic in prescribed texts about geography and culture. Students should know basic facts and the prepositional form «в России» for use in writing tasks.

Russian; both the adjective meaning 'Russian' and the noun phrase «русский язык» (the Russian language). It appears in instructions, in self-introduction sentences, and in questions about which languages a character speaks.

Family; a feminine noun with the irregular plural «семьи». Family description is a standard composition topic, and reading passages often ask how many members a character's family has and who they are.

Word; the basic unit of vocabulary tested in matching, synonym, and gap-fill exercises. Instructions such as «вставьте нужное слово» (insert the right word) require recognizing this term quickly.

Composition or short essay; a guided writing task on a familiar topic such as my family, my school, or my hobby. It is marked for content, correct verb endings, and linking words rather than literary style.

Sport; a masculine noun used in reading and writing tasks about hobbies and healthy living. Students describe which sports they play and answer questions about a character's favourite activity.

Conjugation; the pattern of verb endings in the present tense, divided into first and second conjugation. Choosing the correct ending for a given verb is one of the most frequently tested grammar points in the paper.

Noun; a word naming a person, thing, or idea, carrying gender, number, and case. The exam tests gender recognition and case endings, including irregular plurals such as «друзья» and «дни».

Text; the short passage on which reading comprehension questions are based. Students read it, then answer factual questions, so the word appears in rubrics like «прочитайте текст» (read the text).

Theme or topic; the subject a passage or composition deals with. Identifying the theme is a standard comprehension question, and composition prompts state the topic explicitly.

Hobby; an indeclinable neuter loanword, so its form never changes across cases. It appears in reading passages and writing prompts about free time, where students list activities they enjoy.

Hour or o'clock; a masculine noun used to tell time and describe daily routines. Students must handle expressions like «в два часа» and distinguish it from «время» in comprehension questions.

Person or human being; a masculine noun with the suppletive plural «люди». The irregular plural is a common exam trap, and the word appears in passages describing people and their occupations.

To read; a first-conjugation verb central to the reading section and to hobby descriptions. Students use forms like «читаю», «читаешь», and «читают» in sentences about books, newspapers, and school subjects.

Language; also 'tongue'. In phrases like «русский язык» and «иностранный язык» it names the school subject and the exam itself, and it appears in self-introductions about which languages a student speaks.