Translation (भाषांतर / перевод)
Translation questions ask you to render short sentences between Russian and Marathi/English. The examiner rewards meaning, grammar and natural word order, not a word-for-word gloss.
Method
- Underline the verb and decide tense and aspect: a habit → imperfective (пью, читаю); one completed action → perfective (выпил, прочитал).
- Identify the subject's gender and number; the past tense must agree.
- Check the case each preposition requires: в + prepositional for place, в + accusative for direction.
- Russian word order is flexible, but put new or important information last.
- Re-read: does the Russian sentence mean the same as the original?
Worked example
Marathi: «मी रोज सकाळी चहा पितो.» Translation: «Я каждый день утром пью чай.» Reasoning: रोज = каждый день, सकाळी = утром, पितो = пью (first person singular, imperfective for a habit). Чай is masculine inanimate, so the accusative has the same form as the nominative. Do not write «Я пью чай в утро»: в утро is not idiomatic for “in the morning”.
Traps
- Translating a habitual action with a perfective verb.
- Omitting каждый день or утром and losing meaning.
- Using в + accusative for repeated time (в утро).
- Transliterating names letter by letter instead of using standard forms (Анна, Пуна).
- Leaving English or Marathi words inside the Russian sentence.