Maharashtra SSC Sindhi L2/L3 (MSBSHSE) flashcards

39 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

سُک ۽ ڏُک

Sindhi antonym pair meaning 'comfort/ease' (سُک) and 'sorrow/hardship' (ڏُک). Used in comprehension vocabulary questions asking for the opposite (اُلٽو) of a word from the passage.

محاورو (idiom)

A fixed Sindhi expression whose meaning is figurative, not literal. Example: هٿ ڪرڻ literally 'to do hand' but means 'to acquire or obtain'. Idiom questions require the figurative sense.

مُک خيال (main idea)

The central point of an unseen Sindhi passage, stated in one complete sentence naming the subject and what is said about it. It is broader than any single supporting detail.

موزون عنوان (suitable title)

A short 3-5 word Sindhi phrase that names the passage's central subject or theme. A good title is concise and thematic, not a full sentence copied from the text.

هممعنيٰ لفظ (synonym)

A Sindhi word with the same or nearly the same meaning as another, e.g. سٺو and چڱو both mean 'good'. Synonym questions ask you to supply an equivalent word from or beyond the passage.

Sindhi script direction

Sindhi in Maharashtra textbooks is written right to left in the Perso-Arabic script with 52 letters, including implosive letters such as ڪ، ڳ، ڱ، ڇ، ٺ، ڏ، ڊ، ڙ that have no Hindi equivalents.

Context clue strategy

Determining an unknown Sindhi word's meaning from surrounding words, sentence logic, and morphology (e.g. -ڻ infinitive, -يل past participle) rather than from a dictionary, which is the expected skill in unseen-passage items.

Sindhi grammatical gender

Sindhi nouns are masculine (مذڪر) or feminine (مونث). Adjectives and verbs agree with the noun's gender, e.g. سٺو ڇوڪرو 'good boy' but سٺي ڇوڪري 'good girl'.

Masculine plural in -ا

Masculine Sindhi nouns ending in -و form the plural by changing -و to -ا: ڇوڪرو (boy) → ڇوڪرا (boys); ڪتابو → ڪتابا. This is the most regular masculine plural pattern tested.

Feminine plural in -يون

Feminine Sindhi nouns ending in -ي form the plural by adding -ون, giving -يون: ڇوڪري (girl) → ڇوڪريون (girls); ڪهڙي → ڪهڙيون. Gender and number agreement follows.

Postposition جو / جي / جا

Sindhi postposition meaning 'of', placed after an oblique noun. It agrees with the possessed noun: جو with masculine singular, جي with feminine or oblique, جا with masculine plural, e.g. رام جو ڪتاب.

Object marker کي

Sindhi postposition کي marks a definite or animate direct object and also means 'to' for indirect objects: مون کي ڏي 'give to me'; ڇوڪري کي سڏ 'call the girl'.

Present tense auxiliary ٿو / ٿي / ٿا

Sindhi present-tense auxiliary agreeing with the subject: ٿو (he), ٿي (she), ٿا (they), ٿيان (I). It follows the participle: هو لکي ٿو 'he writes', هوءَ لکي ٿي 'she writes'.

Sindhi word order SOV

Sindhi sentences follow Subject-Object-Verb order, like Hindi: مان ڪتاب پڙهان ٿو 'I read a book'. The verb always comes last in a neutral declarative sentence.

Interrogative words

Core Sindhi question words: ڇا (what), ڪير (who), ڪٿي (where), ڪڏهن (when), ڪيئن (how), ڇو (why), ڪهڙو (which). They normally occupy the position of the item being asked about.

غزل (ghazal)

A Sindhi poetic form of rhyming couplets sharing one end-rhyme (قافيہ) and refrain (رديف). Each couplet (شعر) is usually a self-contained thought, and the poet's name may appear in the final couplet.

نظم (nazm)

A Sindhi thematic poem with a single continuous subject or narrative, unlike the ghazal's independent couplets. Nazm questions usually ask for the central theme and the poet's message.

بيت (bait)

A short two-line Sindhi verse form, often folk-style and used for proverbial wisdom or Sufi thought. Baits usually carry one moral idea expressed through a concrete image.

قافيہ ۽ رديف

In Sindhi poetry, قافيہ is the recurring end-rhyme word or syllable, and رديف is the repeated word or phrase placed after it. Together they define the rhyme scheme of a ghazal.

تشبيهہ (simile)

A Sindhi figure of speech comparing two things explicitly, often with وانگر ('like') or جهڙو ('similar to'), e.g. چنڊ وانگر سهڻو 'beautiful like the moon'. Identify it by the comparison word.

استعارو (metaphor)

A Sindhi figure of speech applying one thing's name to another without a comparison word, e.g. calling a brave man باهہ 'fire'. Contrast with تشبيهہ, which uses وانگر or جهڙو.

ڪردار (character)

In prescribed Sindhi prose, a person in the lesson analysed through specific actions, speeches, and motives. Answers need textual evidence plus a descriptive adjective such as بهادر (brave) or ايماندار (honest).

سبق (moral)

The lesson or value a prescribed Sindhi prose piece teaches, e.g. محنت جو اجر 'the reward of hard work' or سچائي 'truthfulness'. Moral answers state the value and how the plot demonstrates it.

رسمي خط (formal letter)

A Sindhi letter to an official or institution, containing sender address, date, receiver designation, subject line, formal salutation, a 2-3 paragraph body, formal closing, and signature. Tone is impersonal and polite.

غير رسمي خط (informal letter)

A Sindhi personal letter to a friend or relative, using familiar salutation (پيارو/پياري), conversational tone, inquiries about health, and regards to family. No subject line is required.

درخواست (application)

A Sindhi formal request addressed to an authority, with address, date, receiver, subject, salutation, a body opening عرض آهي ته ('it is requested that'), the reason, and a formal closing.

مضمون جو ڍانچو (essay structure)

Sindhi essay layout: تمهيد (introduction) of 2-3 sentences, two or three body paragraphs each carrying one point with an example, and نتيجو (conclusion) restating the main stance without new material.

اطلاع (notice)

A short Sindhi public announcement with the heading اطلاع, date, one sentence stating the event, and the who/where/when details. Written in third person and kept under roughly 50 words.

رپورٽ (report)

A Sindhi factual account answering what, when, where, who, and why in that order, written in past tense with a short headline naming the event. It reports rather than argues.

موضوع (subject line)

The one-line statement of a Sindhi letter's or application's purpose, placed after the receiver's address and before the salutation. It should be a short noun phrase, not a full sentence.

تمهيد ۽ نتيجو

The opening (تمهيد) and closing (نتيجو) of a Sindhi essay. The opening introduces the topic in 2-3 sentences; the conclusion restates the main stance and adds no new arguments.

تيز پڙهائي (rapid reading)

Timed reading of a short Sindhi passage for gist and specific answers, expected at roughly 80-100 words per minute at SSC level, with marks for both speed and comprehension accuracy.

Skimming vs scanning

Skimming reads only topic sentences and headings to get the gist; scanning searches for one specific word, number, or date without reading the rest. Rapid-reading questions use both strategies.

Sindhi present tense in translation

Sindhi هو ٿو لکي translates as English 'he writes' or 'he is writing'. The auxiliary ٿو plus the participle carries present meaning, so English present simple and continuous both map to it.

SOV conversion in translation

English Subject-Verb-Object sentences become Subject-Object-Verb in Sindhi: 'She reads a book' → هوءَ ڪتاب پڙهي ٿي. The verb moves to the end and agrees with the subject.

Idiom translation rule

Sindhi idioms are translated by an equivalent English idiom, not word for word: هٿ ڪرڻ → 'to get hold of', منهن ڦيرائڻ → 'to turn away'. Literal rendering loses the mark.

Implosive Sindhi consonants

Letters such as ڪ، ڳ، ڊ، ڏ، ٺ، ڇ are pronounced with an inward air draw and must be distinguished from plain counterparts in oral reading. Mispronunciation affects oral marks.

Oral component tasks

The SSC Sindhi oral assessment typically includes reading a passage aloud, reciting a prescribed poem, and answering short spoken questions, marked for pronunciation, fluency, and comprehension of the heard text.

Listening for the main point

In Sindhi aural passages, the final sentence usually states the main point or instruction. Note key nouns and numbers while listening, then confirm the gist from the closing sentence.