Maharashtra SSC Telugu L2/L3 (MSBSHSE) flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Prasa in Telugu verse

Repetition of the same consonant-vowel unit at the beginning of successive lines or feet, giving the poem a musical echo; it is a sound device, not a meaning device.

Yati

A rhythmic pause placed inside a Telugu metrical line at a fixed position; it divides the line into feet and is heard rather than written with a mark.

Upama alankara

A comparison figure in which one thing is likened to another using words meaning 'like' or 'as'; both objects stay distinct, unlike in a metaphor.

Rupaka alankara

A metaphor figure where the subject is identified with the image rather than compared to it; the words 'like' and 'as' are absent from the construction.

Atisayokti alankara

A hyperbole figure that exaggerates a quality or action beyond literal truth to intensify the effect; the exaggeration is deliberate and recognised by the reader.

Mukhya bhavam of a poem

The central idea or dominant emotion that the whole poem supports; it must be stated from the poem's own lines, not from the poet's biography.

Padyam

A Telugu stanza of four lines with fixed metre, prasa and yati; classical and modern poems in the syllabus frequently use this four-line form.

Dwipada metre

A two-line Telugu verse form with a matching pair of lines and simple rhythm; used in narrative and devotional poetry and easier to scan than four-line padyam.

Chaturthi vibhakti

The dative case in Telugu, marked by -ki or -ku, showing the person or thing to whom something is given, told or directed.

Tritiya vibhakti

The instrumental case in Telugu, marked by -cheta or -to, showing the means, instrument or agent by which an action is performed.

Panchami vibhakti

The ablative case in Telugu, marked by -nunchi or -valana, showing the source, origin or reason from which something comes or happens.

Guna sandhi

A vowel junction where a or aa meets i, ee, u or oo and the result is e or o; for example 'maha' plus 'ishu' becomes 'maheshu'.

Vriddhi sandhi

A vowel junction where a or aa meets e or o and the result is ai or au; for example 'maha' plus 'oshadhi' becomes 'mahaushadhi'.

Savarna dirgha sandhi

A junction where a short or long vowel meets the same vowel and the result is the corresponding long vowel; a plus a becomes aa.

Dwandwa samasa

A compound whose members are joined by 'and' and both retain equal importance; splitting it requires inserting 'mariyu' between the parts.

Bahuvrihi samasa

A compound that names something other than its members; the compound as a whole is an adjective describing a third entity, as in 'red-clothed one'.

Tatpurusha samasa

A compound in which the second member is dominant and the first qualifies it; the first member answers a case question about the second.

Samyukta vakyam

A compound sentence made of two or more independent clauses joined by conjunctions such as 'mariyu' or 'kuda'; each clause can stand alone.

Samslista vakyam

A complex sentence in which one clause is embedded inside another and cannot stand alone; the embedded clause functions as a part of the main clause.

Karta and karma

Karta is the doer or subject of the sentence; karma is the object that receives the action. Telugu normally orders them subject, object, verb.

Paryayapadalu

Synonyms: two or more words with closely similar meaning. In exam items the correct pair must also match grammatical class and level of formality.

Vyatireka padalu

Antonyms: words with opposite meaning. Choose the opposite that belongs to the same semantic field, such as honour against disgrace rather than honour against poverty.

Nanaarthalu

Words with more than one distinct meaning, such as a term meaning time, season or weapon; the correct sense is fixed by the surrounding sentence.

Jateeyalu (idioms)

Fixed Telugu expressions whose figurative meaning cannot be derived from the individual words; they must be learnt as whole units and used unchanged.

Samethalu (proverbs)

Traditional Telugu sayings with a fixed wording and a general moral or observation; exam items require the conventional completion, not a paraphrase.

Adharma prefix a-

The negative prefix a- reverses the meaning of a Telugu or Sanskrit loan word, as in dharma to adharma or nyaya to anyaya; it is not a separate word.

Abstract noun suffix -tva

The suffix -tva forms abstract nouns from adjectives and nouns, as in manushya to manushyatvam; the resulting word names a quality rather than a person.

Oupacharika uttaram

A formal Telugu letter containing sender address, date, receiver address, subject line, formal salutation, three-paragraph body and a formal closing with signature.

Anoupacharika uttaram

An informal Telugu letter to relatives or friends; it omits the subject line, uses kinship salutations and a conversational but complete-sentence body.

Vishayam in a letter

The subject line of a formal Telugu letter, written as a short noun phrase below the receiver's address; it states the purpose in one line without a full stop.

Mukhya vakhyam

The topic sentence that opens a paragraph and states its single controlling idea; every later sentence in the paragraph must support or illustrate it.

Nivedika (report)

A factual written report whose first paragraph answers who, what, when, where and why, uses past tense and carries a short noun-phrase headline.