MAHA TAIT flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Object permanence
- Piagetian understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight; develops in the sensorimotor stage, roughly by 8–12 months.
- Zone of Proximal Development
- Vygotsky's term for the gap between what a learner can do independently and what the learner can do with guidance from a more capable person.
- Conservation (Piaget)
- The understanding that quantity, mass, or volume stays the same despite changes in appearance; typically achieved in the concrete operational stage.
- Formative assessment
- Ongoing, diagnostic evaluation during learning that identifies gaps and informs teaching; examples include observation, questioning, and portfolios.
- Inclusive education
- An approach in which schools adapt curriculum, materials, and assessment to accommodate all learners, including those with disabilities, rather than excluding them.
- Intrinsic motivation
- Drive to learn that comes from interest, curiosity, or satisfaction in the activity itself, rather than from external rewards or punishments.
- Scaffolding
- Temporary, structured support given by a teacher or peer within the learner's zone of proximal development, gradually withdrawn as competence grows.
- Morphology
- The branch of linguistics that studies the internal structure of words and how morphemes, the smallest meaning-bearing units, combine.
- Marathi vibhakti
- Case markers in Marathi that show a noun's grammatical role, such as -ला for accusative/dative and -ने for instrumental.
- Phoneme
- The smallest unit of sound that can distinguish meaning in a language, such as the difference between /p/ and /b/ in 'pat' and 'bat'.
- Language Across the Curriculum
- The principle that language learning occurs in every subject, so all teachers must teach subject-specific vocabulary and text structures.
- Multilingualism as resource
- The view that a learner's home language and other languages are assets that can support understanding and bridge to the school language.
- Skimming
- A fast reading strategy used to grasp the main idea or gist of a text without attending to every detail.
- Scanning
- A reading strategy for locating specific information, such as a date or name, by quickly moving the eyes over the text.
- Active to passive voice
- Transformation in which the object becomes the subject, the verb becomes be plus past participle, and the agent is introduced by 'by'.
- Backshift in reported speech
- The rule that tenses move one step back when direct speech is reported, for example present to past and past to past perfect.
- Definite article
- The word 'the', used before a noun that is specific, previously mentioned, or uniquely identifiable in context.
- Inference in reading
- Drawing a conclusion from clues in a text that are not stated directly, combining textual evidence with prior knowledge.
- Subject-verb agreement
- The grammatical rule that a singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject takes a plural verb in the present tense.
- Place value
- The value of a digit determined by its position in a numeral, such as 5 standing for 500 in the number 4,582.
- Divisibility by 3
- A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3; for example, 4,521 has digit sum 12 and is divisible.
- Area of a triangle
- The formula A = ½ × base × height, where height is the perpendicular distance from the opposite vertex to the base.
- Simple interest formula
- SI = (P × R × T) / 100, where P is principal, R is annual rate percent, and T is time in years.
- Line of symmetry
- A line that divides a figure into two halves that are mirror images of each other when the figure is folded along it.
- Prime number
- A whole number greater than 1 with exactly two factors, 1 and itself; examples include 2, 3, 5, 7, and 11.
- HCF and LCM
- HCF is the largest number dividing two or more numbers exactly; LCM is the smallest number divisible by each of them.
- Photosynthesis
- The process by which green plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make glucose and release oxygen, with chlorophyll trapping light.
- Food chain
- A sequence showing energy transfer from producers (plants) to consumers (herbivores and carnivores) and finally to decomposers.
- Water cycle
- The continuous movement of water through evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, and collection, driven mainly by solar energy.
- Renewable resource
- A natural resource that is replenished naturally within a human timescale, such as solar energy, wind, hydro power, and biomass.
- Decomposer
- An organism such as bacteria or fungi that breaks down dead plants and animals, returning nutrients to the soil.
- Communicable disease
- An illness caused by pathogens that spreads from person to person through air, water, food, vectors, or direct contact.