Maharashtra Police Constable flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Maharashtra Formation Day

Maharashtra was formed on 1 May 1960 when the bilingual Bombay State was divided into Maharashtra and Gujarat on linguistic lines. The day is celebrated as Maharashtra Day.

Maharashtra state symbols

State animal: Indian giant squirrel (shekru). State bird: yellow-footed green pigeon (hariyal). State tree: mango. State flower: jarul (Pride of India).

Vidhan Sabha and Vidhan Parishad

Maharashtra's lower house, the Vidhan Sabha, has 288 elected members. The upper house, the Vidhan Parishad, has 78 members drawn from graduates, teachers, local bodies, and nominees.

Bombay High Court jurisdiction

Established in 1862, the Bombay High Court sits in Mumbai and has original jurisdiction over Maharashtra and Goa, with benches at Nagpur, Aurangabad and Panaji.

Fundamental Rights articles

Part III of the Constitution, Articles 12 to 35, contains Fundamental Rights including equality, freedom, protection from exploitation, religion, culture, and constitutional remedies.

President versus Governor

The President is indirectly elected by an electoral college under Article 54. The Governor is appointed by the President under Article 155 and holds office at the President's pleasure.

Longest river in Maharashtra

The Godavari is the longest river flowing through Maharashtra, rising near Trimbakeshwar in Nashik district and flowing east across the Deccan plateau toward the Bay of Bengal.

Sahyadri and Konkan

The Sahyadri range, part of the Western Ghats, runs north-south through Maharashtra. West of it lies the narrow Konkan coastal plain; east lies the Deccan plateau.

Marathi varṇamālā counts

The standard Marathi alphabet has 12 vowels (स्वर) and 36 consonants (व्यंजन). The letter ळ is characteristic of Marathi and does not occur in standard Hindi.

Marathi honorific pronouns

Marathi distinguishes तू for intimates, तुम्ही for familiar or plural address, and आपण for respectful or inclusive address. Verb forms change to match the chosen pronoun.

Marathi noun genders

Marathi nouns are masculine, feminine, or neuter, and singular or plural. Gender often affects verb endings, so the noun's gender must be learned with the word.

Marathi sandhi example

When a word ending in अ is followed by आ, the vowels merge into आ. Thus देव + आलय becomes देवालय, and सूर्य + उदय becomes सूर्योदय.

समास types in Marathi

Marathi compounds include अव्ययीभाव, तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, द्वंद्व, बहुव्रीही and द्विगु. The type is decided by which member carries the principal meaning.

म्हणी: अति तिथे माती

This Marathi proverb means that excess ruins the result. Doing too much of anything, even something good, spoils the outcome; moderation is the point.

विरुद्धार्थी शब्द pairs

Opposite pairs commonly tested: उदार–कंजूष, कृतज्ञ–कृतघ्न, सन्मार्ग–कुमार्ग, आशा–निराशा, आवड–नावड. Each pair reverses the meaning of the other word.

Marathi punctuation marks

पूर्णविराम is the full stop, प्रश्नचिन्ह the question mark, उद्गारचिन्ह the exclamation mark, and स्वल्पविराम the comma. The danda (।) appears mainly in verse and older prose.

Subject-verb agreement rule

A compound subject joined by 'and' takes a plural verb. Indefinite pronouns such as each, every, either, neither, everyone, and nobody take a singular verb.

Present perfect versus past perfect

Present perfect (has/have + past participle) links a past action to the present. Past perfect (had + participle) marks the earlier of two past actions.

Prepositions of time

Use in with months, years, and seasons; on with days and dates; at with clock times. Use since with a starting point and for with a length of time.

Active to passive voice

Make the object the new subject, use the correct tense of 'be' plus the past participle, and add the agent with 'by' only when it matters.

Direct to indirect speech

Shift the tense back one step, adjust pronouns to the reporter's viewpoint, and change time words: now becomes then, today becomes that day, tomorrow becomes the next day.

Affect versus effect

Affect is usually a verb meaning to influence. Effect is usually a noun meaning a result. The medicine affected him; the effect was drowsiness.

Principal versus principle

Principal means the head of an institution or the main thing, and can be a noun or adjective. Principle is a noun meaning a rule or belief.

Idiom: let the cat out of the bag

To let the cat out of the bag means to reveal a secret, usually by accident. A related idiom, 'a blessing in disguise', means a misfortune that turns out well.

Successive percentage change

For successive changes of a percent and b percent, the net change is a + b + ab/100 percent. Two successive 10 percent increases give 21 percent, not 20 percent.

Simple and compound interest

Simple interest is P×R×T/100. Compound interest is P(1+R/100)^T − P. For two years the gap between CI and SI equals P(R/100)².

Speed unit conversion

To convert km/h to m/s, multiply by 5/18. To convert m/s to km/h, multiply by 18/5. For example, 72 km/h equals 20 m/s.

Average shift rule

The average equals the sum of observations divided by their number. If every observation is increased by k, the average also rises by exactly k.

Dividing in a given ratio

To split a sum S in the ratio a:b:c, first add the terms to get the total parts, then give each share S×a/(a+b+c), S×b/(a+b+c), and S×c/(a+b+c).

Letter coding positions

Number the alphabet A=1 through Z=26. In letter-shift coding, find each letter's position, apply the stated shift, and convert the result back to a letter.

Direction sense turns

Facing north, a left turn leads west and a right turn leads east. Facing south reverses this. Always sketch the path before computing net displacement.

Permutation, combination, probability

nPr = n!/(n−r)! counts ordered arrangements; nCr = n!/[r!(n−r)!] counts selections. Probability equals favourable outcomes divided by total equally likely outcomes.