Maharashtra Talathi key terms

A fixed Marathi idiom whose meaning differs from the literal words, such as 'डोळे झाकणे' meaning to ignore deliberately. Questions test recognition of the correct meaning and appropriate use in a sentence.

A complete Marathi proverb or saying carrying folk wisdom, grammatically a full sentence rather than a phrase. Candidates match the saying to its figurative sense or complete a partly given proverb.

Words in Marathi that share nearly the same meaning, such as 'पाणी' and 'जल'. Questions ask for a synonym of a given word, so a broad working vocabulary matters more than memorising lists.

Words with opposite meanings, such as 'उंच' and 'बुटका'. The task is to pick the antonym of a given word from the options, watching for near-opposites that are not exact.

A single Marathi word carrying several distinct meanings depending on context, for example 'कर' meaning tax or hand. Questions give the word and ask which listed meaning is valid or which sentence uses it correctly.

The formation of words through prefixes, suffixes, compounding and sandhi. Candidates identify how a given word was built or which root it derives from, so recognising common prefixes and suffixes helps.

A prefix added before a root that modifies its meaning, such as 'अ' giving negation in 'अशक्य'. Questions ask which prefix is used in a given word or what meaning the prefix contributes.

A suffix attached after a root or stem to form a new word or show grammatical relation, such as 'ता' in 'मोठेपण'. Candidates identify the suffix or the word class it produces.

A compound in which two or more words join into one, such as 'राजा-राणी'. Questions ask which type of compound applies, for instance द्वंद्व, तत्पुरुष, बहुव्रीही or अव्ययीभाव.

The joining of two sounds or words where the ending of one merges with the beginning of the next, as in 'विद्या + अर्थी' becoming 'विद्यार्थी'. Candidates split a joined form or join a given pair correctly.

The grammatical gender of a Marathi noun, which may be masculine, feminine or neuter and does not always follow natural gender. Questions ask the gender of a given word or check agreement with its verb and adjective.

The singular or plural form of a Marathi word, shown by changed endings rather than a separate article, as 'मुलगा' becomes 'मुले'. Candidates convert a word between numbers or spot an agreement error.

The case relation a Marathi noun takes, marked by suffixes such as 'ला', 'ने' and 'चा'. Questions test which case marker suits a given sentence role, particularly for subjects, objects and possession.

The verb of a Marathi sentence, which changes to match the subject in person, number and gender. Candidates identify the verb, check agreement, or choose between transitive and intransitive forms.

The tense of a Marathi verb: past, present or future, each with simple, continuous and perfect variants. Questions ask which tense a sentence uses or require the correct form for a stated time frame.

The structure of a Marathi sentence, including subject, object and verb order and the joining of clauses. Candidates rearrange jumbled parts into a correct sentence or pick the sentence free of grammatical error.

Standard Marathi spelling conventions, especially the correct use of the vowel signs 'इ' and 'ई' and of the anusvara versus the full nasal consonant. Questions present words and ask which spelling is standard.

Punctuation marks in Marathi writing, such as the full stop, comma, question mark and quotation marks. Candidates choose the correctly punctuated sentence or identify which mark a construction needs.

A word with the same or nearly the same meaning as another, such as 'begin' and 'commence'. English questions ask you to select the closest synonym of a given word from four options.

A word opposite in meaning to another, such as 'scarce' and 'abundant'. Questions require the exact opposite, so options that are merely different rather than opposite must be rejected.

A fixed expression whose meaning cannot be worked out from its individual words, such as 'to bite the bullet'. Questions ask for the meaning of the idiom or for the idiom that fits a given situation.

A verb combined with a preposition or adverb that creates a new meaning, such as 'put off' meaning postpone. Candidates choose the correct particle or interpret the combination in context.

A word showing the relation of a noun or pronoun to another element, such as in, on, at, since and between. Questions test which preposition a fixed expression or time reference requires.

The determiners 'a', 'an' and 'the'. Questions test choice between indefinite and definite forms and the a-versus-an decision based on the following sound rather than letter.

The rule that a verb must match its subject in number and person, as in 'The list of items is long'. Questions hide the true subject behind phrases or use collective and indefinite subjects.

The grammatical form showing when an action occurs, including simple, continuous, perfect and perfect continuous aspects. Questions test consistency of tense within a sentence and correct forms after time markers.

Whether the subject performs the action, as in active voice, or receives it, as in passive voice. Candidates convert sentences between the two or identify the correct passive form of a given sentence.

Reporting someone's words either as a quotation or as a paraphrased report with shifted tense and pronouns. Questions ask for the correct reported version of a given quoted sentence.

Replacing a descriptive phrase with a single precise word, such as 'a person who speaks many languages' becoming 'polyglot'. Candidates pick the word that best replaces the underlined phrase.

A fraction expressed out of one hundred, found by dividing a part by the whole and multiplying by 100. Problems ask for increase, decrease, or the original value after a stated change.

Ratio compares two quantities of the same kind; proportion states that two ratios are equal. Questions divide an amount in a given ratio or find an unknown term in a proportion.

The sum of a set of values divided by how many values there are. Problems give an average and ask for a missing value, a new average after a change, or the effect of adding or removing an item.

Gain or loss calculated against the cost price, with percentage always taken on cost unless stated otherwise. Questions involve selling price, marked price, discount and successive changes.

Interest calculated only on the original principal, using principal times rate times time divided by one hundred. Questions find interest, principal, rate or period, or compare simple with compound growth.

The relation that distance equals speed multiplied by time, with unit conversion between km/h and m/s. Problems cover trains crossing poles and platforms, boats on streams, and relative speed of two movers.

A sequence of numbers following a hidden rule such as adding squares, doubling, or alternating two patterns. Candidates find the next term or spot the term that breaks the pattern.

A pair relationship question where the link between two given items must be identified and applied to a new pair. Links may be functional, numerical, positional or based on word meaning.

A rule converts words or numbers into a code, such as shifting each letter by two places. Candidates decode a given word or apply the discovered rule to produce a new code.

Reasoning about family links from statements or a family tree, often needing the gender of a person to be inferred. Questions ask how one person is related to another.

Tracking movement through turns on the four cardinal directions to find final position or facing direction. Drawing a quick diagram with distances prevents most errors in these questions.

Drawing a valid conclusion from two or more given statements about categories, such as all, some and none. Candidates judge which conclusion necessarily follows rather than merely being possible.

The settlement record that fixes the land revenue demand on a holding and records the person responsible for paying it. It underpins revenue collection and is central to Maharashtra land revenue administration.

A person recorded in the land records as holding rights in a survey-numbered plot and liable for its revenue. The खातेदार is the primary right-holder recognised in the village record of rights.

The village record of rights stating, for each survey number, the holder, the area, the revenue and any encumbrances. It is the main document a cultivator relies on to prove possession.

A mutation entry recording a change in the record of rights, such as a sale, inheritance or partition. Entries are notified, invited for objection, and then certified or rejected by the competent authority.

Land revenue assessed on agricultural holdings and collected by the revenue machinery. Arrears and recovery of महसूल follow a defined process ending in attachment and sale of property.

The village-level revenue official who maintains land records, collects revenue, reports crop and boundary changes, and supports the circle office. The exam recruits for this post, so its duties are frequently tested.

A village boundary marker, such as a stone or mound, that fixes the limits of a village or a survey number. Boundary disputes and their settlement refer to these markers.

The officer in charge of a taluka's revenue administration, supervising circle inspectors and village officials. Appeals and many revenue proceedings in the taluka come before this officer.

The official set of land records maintained for a village, containing the record of rights and related registers. Certified copies from this record carry evidentiary value in disputes over land.

Recent events of national and state importance, including government schemes, appointments, awards and sports results. Questions usually cover the months just before the exam, so periodic revision of a monthly digest is essential.

Knowledge of the state's rivers, ranges, rainfall zones, districts and major crops. Questions ask about the source of a river, the location of a pass, or which district leads in a particular crop.

Key events and figures from the state's past, including the Maratha period, social reform movements and the formation of the state. Questions test dates, personalities and the significance of movements.

The framework of fundamental rights, directive principles, federal structure and key amendments. Questions often focus on articles, schedules and landmark provisions relevant to citizens and officials.