MP Police Constable key terms

Basic freedoms guaranteed to citizens by Part III of the Constitution, such as equality, speech, and life. They are enforceable in court through writs, mainly under Article 32 before the Supreme Court.

Guidelines in Part IV of the Constitution directing the state toward welfare goals like employment, education, and health. They are not directly enforceable in courts but are fundamental in governance and inform lawmaking.

A formal application asking a constitutional court to issue an order protecting legal or fundamental rights. The five writs are habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, certiorari, and quo warranto.

Constitutional provision letting a person move the Supreme Court directly for enforcement of Fundamental Rights. Dr. Ambedkar called it the heart and soul of the Constitution.

Provision allowing the President to assume functions of a state government when constitutional machinery fails there. Its misuse led to the S.R. Bommai judgment, which made judicial review of such proclamations possible.

Opening statement of the Constitution declaring India a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic and listing justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity as objectives. It was amended once, in 1976, adding socialist and secular.

Eleven obligations listed in Article 51A, added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976, asking citizens to respect the Constitution, protect the environment, and develop scientific temper. They are non-justiciable moral duties.

Three-tier system of rural local self-government at village, block, and district levels, given constitutional status by the 73rd Amendment in 1992. One-third of seats are reserved for women.

Constitutional amendment of 1992 that gave urban local bodies such as municipalities and municipal corporations constitutional status, with provisions for ward committees, reservations, and periodic elections.

Assembly of all registered voters in a village panchayat area, acting as the base of the Panchayati Raj system. It approves plans, budgets, and beneficiary lists at the village level.

Policy think tank set up in 2015 to replace the Planning Commission, advising the government on development strategy and cooperative federalism. It publishes indices like the SDG India Index and Multidimensional Poverty Index.

Law of 2005 giving citizens the right to obtain information from public authorities within set time limits, with an appeal route to Information Commissions. It supports transparency and accountability in governance.

Statutory ombudsman institution in a state that investigates complaints of corruption or maladministration against public servants. Madhya Pradesh established its Lokayukta in 1981 under a 1981 Act.

Head of a state government, appointed by the Governor and normally the leader of the majority party in the Legislative Assembly. The Governor acts on the Chief Minister's advice except in discretionary matters.

1757 battle in Bengal in which the British East India Company under Robert Clive defeated Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah with help from Mir Jafar's defection. It gave the Company political control over Bengal's revenues.

Policy of Governor-General Lord Dalhousie by which states without a natural male heir were annexed, as with Satara and Jhansi. It was a major grievance behind the Revolt of 1857.

Widespread uprising of sepoys and civilians against Company rule, beginning at Meerut in May 1857 and centred at Delhi under Bahadur Shah Zafar. It ended Company rule and led to Crown rule in 1858.

Political party founded in 1885 in Bombay with W.C. Bonnerjee as first president, which led the national movement for independence. Its sessions and resolutions shaped constitutional demands and mass politics.

Mass movement launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920 urging boycott of British institutions, courts, schools, and titles. It was withdrawn in 1922 after the Chauri Chaura violence.

Movement launched in August 1942 demanding immediate British withdrawal, with the slogan 'Do or Die' given by Gandhi. It led to mass arrests of leaders and widespread unrest.

Latitude about 23.5 degrees north of the equator that passes through the middle of India, including Madhya Pradesh. It marks the boundary between the tropical and subtropical climate zones.

Major west-flowing river that rises at Amarkantak in Madhya Pradesh and drains into the Arabian Sea through Gujarat. It forms the traditional dividing line between north and south India.

Ancient hill system running across central India, largely in Madhya Pradesh, separating the Ganga plain from the Deccan plateau. It lies north of the Narmada valley.

Mountain range in central India running between the Narmada and Tapti valleys, with peaks such as Dhupgarh near Pachmarhi in Madhya Pradesh. It is a source region for several peninsular rivers.

Village in Chhatarpur district of Madhya Pradesh famous for Nagara-style temples built by the Chandela dynasty between the 10th and 12th centuries. The group is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Buddhist stupa complex in Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh, originally built under Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE. Its gateways and sculptures make it a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Rock shelter site in Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh with prehistoric paintings, some dated to the Stone Age. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and evidence of early human life in India.

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction, meaning forces between two bodies are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. It explains recoil of guns and motion of rockets.

Product of a body's mass and velocity, a vector quantity measured in kilogram metre per second. In an isolated system total momentum stays constant, which is the law of conservation of momentum.

Force that opposes relative motion or tendency of motion between surfaces in contact. It depends on the nature of surfaces and normal force, and can be static, sliding, or rolling.

Process by which green plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make glucose and release oxygen, mainly in chloroplasts. Chlorophyll absorbs light and drives the reaction.

Process by which living cells break down glucose to release energy, using oxygen in aerobic respiration and producing carbon dioxide and water. Anaerobic respiration yields less energy and products like lactic acid.

Water-soluble vitamin found in citrus fruits, amla, and guava, needed for collagen formation and immune function. Its deficiency causes scurvy with bleeding gums and delayed wound healing.

Sum of a set of values divided by the number of values, also called the arithmetic mean. It is used to compare groups and solve problems on speed, age, and marks.

A fraction expressed with denominator 100, showing a part per hundred. Converting between fractions, decimals, and percentages is a core skill in quantitative aptitude questions.

Comparison of two quantities by division and the statement that two ratios are equal. These ideas solve problems on mixtures, partnerships, and scaling of quantities.

Logical reasoning question type using statements about categories to decide which conclusions necessarily follow. Valid conclusions must hold in every possible arrangement of the terms.

Reasoning question presenting a sequence of numbers following a pattern, asking for the missing or wrong term. Common patterns involve differences, squares, cubes, or alternating operations.

Hindi grammar rule for joining two sounds or words, with the resulting form showing a combined spelling. Examples include विद्या + आलय becoming विद्यालय, and it is tested in grammar sections.

Hindi compound formation in which two or more words combine into a single word, such as राजपुत्र. Questions ask candidates to split a compound or identify its type.

Hindi prefix attached before a root word to change or refine its meaning, such as अनु in अनुशासन. Identifying prefixes and their effect on meaning is a common grammar question.

Hindi term for synonyms, words with the same or nearly the same meaning, such as सूर्य and रवि. Vocabulary questions ask for a synonym of a given word.

Hindi term for antonyms, words with opposite meanings, such as दिन and रात. Grammar papers test the ability to supply the opposite of a given word.

Hindi idiom, a fixed phrase whose meaning is figurative rather than literal, such as आँख का तारा. Questions ask for the meaning of an idiom or to complete one.

English grammar contrast where the subject performs the action in active voice and receives it in passive voice. Passive forms use a form of be with the past participle.

English grammar topic covering quoted speech versus reported speech, with changes in pronouns, tense, and time words. Reported questions and commands follow specific patterns.

System software that manages hardware, memory, files, and programs, providing an interface for users. Examples include Windows, Linux, and Android, and it is essential for running applications.

Volatile primary memory that temporarily stores data and programs currently in use, losing contents when power is off. More RAM generally allows more programs to run smoothly.

Uniform Resource Locator, the address used to locate a resource such as a web page on the internet. It typically includes a protocol, domain name, and path.

Physical Efficiency Test and Physical Standard Test used in police recruitment, checking running, height, chest, and weight requirements before written selection. Candidates must qualify in both to proceed.

Recent national, state, and international events, appointments, awards, and schemes that examiners test in general awareness sections. Regular reading of newspapers and official releases builds this knowledge.