MP Police SI key terms

An imaginary line of latitude at roughly 23.5 degrees north of the equator. It passes through Madhya Pradesh and marks the boundary between tropical and subtropical climate zones in India.

A major river of peninsular India that rises at Amarkantak in Madhya Pradesh and flows west through a rift valley before draining into the Arabian Sea near Bharuch in Gujarat.

A hill and pilgrimage site in Anuppur district of Madhya Pradesh. It is the source of the Narmada and Son rivers and lies at the meeting point of the Vindhya and Satpura ranges.

A national park and tiger reserve spread across Mandla and Balaghat districts of Madhya Pradesh. It is famous for the barasingha and inspired the setting of The Jungle Book.

A group of prehistoric rock shelters in Raisen district, Madhya Pradesh, noted for Stone Age paintings. UNESCO lists the site as a World Heritage Site.

A temple complex in Chhatarpur district, Madhya Pradesh, built mainly by the Chandela rulers between the tenth and twelfth centuries. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its stone sculpture.

A Buddhist monument in Raisen district, Madhya Pradesh, originally commissioned by Emperor Ashoka. The Great Stupa and its carved gateways form a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

A hill station in Narmadapuram district, Madhya Pradesh, located in the Satpura range. It is the state's only hill station and is known for waterfalls and ancient cave temples.

A plateau region of western Madhya Pradesh and eastern Rajasthan, drained by the Chambal and Betwa rivers. Its lava-derived black soil supports cotton and soybean cultivation.

Basic rights guaranteed to citizens by Part III of the Indian Constitution, covering equality, freedom, protection from exploitation, religion, culture and education, and constitutional remedies. Courts can enforce them.

The process by which green plants, algae and some bacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to make glucose and release oxygen. Chlorophyll in chloroplasts absorbs the light energy.

A relationship stating that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it, provided temperature remains constant. The constant of proportionality is resistance.

A scale from zero to fourteen that measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. Values below seven are acidic, above seven are basic, and seven is neutral at room temperature.

Membrane-bound organelles found in most eukaryotic cells. They produce most of the cell's ATP through respiration and are therefore called the powerhouse of the cell.

The principle that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Forces always occur in pairs acting on two different bodies, so a single isolated force does not exist.

Newton's law stating that every particle attracts every other particle with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Classification of blood by antigens on red cells, mainly the ABO and Rh systems. Compatibility between donor and recipient must be checked before transfusion to avoid harmful reactions.

A region of the stratosphere containing a high concentration of ozone molecules. It absorbs most ultraviolet radiation from the Sun and thus protects life on the Earth's surface.

In Hindi grammar, the joining of two sounds or words in which the final sound of the first and the initial sound of the second combine to form a changed sound, as in विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय.

A Hindi compound in which two or more words combine into a single word with a new meaning. Its main types are तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, द्वंद्व, बहुव्रीहि, द्विगु and अव्ययीभाव.

A prefix added before a root word to change or refine its meaning. Hindi examples include प्र, अनु, अप, वि and नि, as in प्र + हार = प्रहार.

A suffix attached after a root or stem to form a new word or show a grammatical relation. Hindi examples include ता, त्व, आई and इक, as in सुंदर + ता = सुंदरता.

A fixed Hindi idiom whose figurative meaning differs from the literal meaning of its words. For example, नौ दो ग्यारह होना means to run away quietly.

A poetic device that beautifies language through sound or meaning. Common Hindi examples are अनुप्रास, based on repetition of sounds, and उपमा, based on comparison.

The least common multiple is the smallest number divisible by each given number, while the highest common factor is the greatest number dividing each of them exactly. Their product equals the product of the two numbers.

Interest calculated only on the original principal for the whole period, using the formula SI = (P × R × T) / 100, where R is the annual rate and T the time in years.

A way of expressing a number as a fraction of one hundred. To convert a fraction to a percentage, multiply it by 100; to convert a percentage to a fraction, divide by 100.

A ratio compares two quantities of the same kind by division. A proportion states that two ratios are equal, allowing one unknown term to be found by cross multiplication.

The sum of a set of quantities divided by their number. It represents a central value and is used to compare groups or find a missing value when the total is known.

A reasoning question that presents a pair of related items and asks the candidate to find another pair sharing the same relationship, such as worker to tool or cause to effect.

A reasoning topic in which words, letters or numbers are converted into a code using a rule, and the candidate must identify the rule and decode or encode another item.

A puzzle describing family relationships in words or symbols, where the candidate must determine how two people are related. A family tree diagram usually simplifies the solution.

A logical reasoning question giving two or more statements assumed true, from which the candidate must decide which conclusions follow. Venn diagrams often help test validity.

A sequence of numbers arranged by a rule such as addition, multiplication, squares or alternating patterns. The candidate identifies the rule and finds the missing or wrong term.

A reasoning topic about movement and turns, where a person walks certain distances in given directions. The candidate draws the path and finds distance or direction from the starting point.