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MP Vyapam AEO practice questions

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Question 1General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

Madhya Pradesh was carved out of the erstwhile state of Madhya Bharat and neighbouring units and attained full statehood on which date?

  1. 15 August 1947
  2. 1 November 1956 Correct answer.
  3. 26 January 1950
  4. 2 October 1953

Explanation

Madhya Pradesh was reorganised as a state on 1 November 1956 under the States Reorganisation Act, when the former Part B states and Part C units in central India were merged. The date is observed as Madhya Pradesh Foundation Day. 2 October 1953 relates to Andhra, while 1950 and 1947 are national milestones, not the state's formation.

Question 2General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

The Tropic of Cancer passes through Madhya Pradesh. Which district of the state does it NOT cross?

  1. Sagar
  2. Vidisha
  3. Bhopal
  4. Rajnandgaon Correct answer.

Explanation

The Tropic of Cancer crosses Madhya Pradesh roughly through its northern districts, including Bhopal, Vidisha, Sagar, Damoh and Rewa. Rajnandgaon now lies in Chhattisgarh, which was separated from MP in 2000, and the line does not pass through it. Hence Rajnandgaon is the exception.

Question 3General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

Which river is known as the 'Sorrow of Madhya Pradesh' because of its frequent floods in the Gwalior–Bhind region?

  1. Betwa
  2. Narmada
  3. Chambal Correct answer.
  4. Sind

Explanation

The Chambal, with its deep ravines and sudden spates, has historically caused damaging floods in the Chambal division of Madhya Pradesh. Its eroded ravine land also makes cultivation difficult. The Narmada and Betwa are major rivers but are not labelled the state's sorrow in this sense.

Question 4General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

Kanha National Park, which inspired a famous literary work on wildlife, lies mainly in which district of Madhya Pradesh?

  1. Shivpuri
  2. Hoshangabad
  3. Panna
  4. Mandla Correct answer.

Explanation

Kanha National Park is spread across the Mandla and Balaghat districts in the Maikal range. It is a Project Tiger reserve and a barasingha (hard-ground swamp deer) conservation stronghold. Shripuri and Panna host different protected areas.

Question 5General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

The Bhimbetka rock shelters, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Madhya Pradesh, are located in which district?

  1. Khajuraho
  2. Gwalior
  3. Ujjain
  4. Raisen Correct answer.

Explanation

Bhimbetka lies in the Raisen district, within the Vindhyan range, and is famous for prehistoric rock paintings spanning several millennia. It was inscribed as a World Heritage Site in 2003. The other places listed are associated with different monuments or sites.

Question 6General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

Which classical dance form, recognised as a dance of Madhya Pradesh, is associated with the Gwalior gharana tradition of storytelling through dance?

  1. Odissi
  2. Kathak Correct answer.
  3. Kathakali
  4. Bharatanatyam

Explanation

Kathak is the north Indian classical dance form practised widely in Madhya Pradesh, and Gwalior is an important centre of the Kathak tradition. The state's cultural institutions promote Kathak alongside folk forms like the Rai and Maanch. The other options belong to Tamil Nadu, Odisha and Kerala respectively.

Question 7General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

The Bargi Dam, one of the major projects on the Narmada, is situated near Jabalpur in which district?

  1. Jabalpur Correct answer.
  2. Dhar
  3. Khandwa
  4. Betul

Explanation

Bargi Dam is built on the Narmada river in Jabalpur district and is part of the Narmada Valley Development project. It supports irrigation and hydel power. Khandwa and Dhar host other Narmada projects such as Indira Sagar and Sardar Sarovar respectively.

Question 8General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

Which tribal community of Madhya Pradesh is particularly known for the traditional 'Bhagoria' festival, held around Holi, where young people choose partners?

  1. Gond
  2. Bharia
  3. Baiga
  4. Bhil Correct answer.

Explanation

The Bhagoria festival is celebrated mainly by the Bhil community in the Jhabua and Alirajpur regions of Madhya Pradesh, coinciding with Holi. It includes a large tribal market and traditional courtship customs. The Gond and Baiga have distinct festivals and cultural practices.

Question 9General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

In the context of Madhya Pradesh's economy, the Malwa plateau is best known for which commercial crop?

  1. Jute
  2. Rubber
  3. Soybean Correct answer.
  4. Tea

Explanation

The black cotton soil of the Malwa plateau supports soybean as a major commercial crop, and Madhya Pradesh is a leading soybean producer in India. Jute, tea and rubber require humid conditions not found in Malwa. Hence soybean fits the region's agro-climatic profile.

Question 10General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

Which of the following is the highest peak in Madhya Pradesh?

  1. Chauragarh
  2. Kolaras
  3. Dhupgarh Correct answer.
  4. Amarkantak

Explanation

Dhupgarh, near Pachmarhi in the Satpura range, is the highest point in Madhya Pradesh at roughly 1,350 metres. Amarkantak is a pilgrimage site at the source of the Narmada but is lower. Chauragarh is another Pachmarhi peak, but not the highest.

Question 11General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

The Madhya Pradesh government's 'Ladli Laxmi Yojana' was primarily designed to address which social concern?

  1. Rural electrification
  2. Migration of tribal families
  3. Declining child sex ratio and girls' education Correct answer.
  4. Unemployment among urban youth

Explanation

Ladli Laxmi Yojana provides financial assistance linked to the birth, education and marriage of a girl child, aiming to improve the child sex ratio and encourage schooling. It is a conditional cash-transfer scheme, not an employment or infrastructure programme. The other options relate to different schemes.

Question 12General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

In the Madhya Pradesh Panchayati Raj system, which tier is the intermediate level between the Gram Panchayat and the Zila Panchayat?

  1. Zila Parishad
  2. Nagar Palika
  3. Janpad Panchayat Correct answer.
  4. Gram Sabha

Explanation

Madhya Pradesh follows a three-tier panchayat structure: Gram Panchayat at the village level, Janpad Panchayat at the block level, and Zila Panchayat at the district level. The Janpad Panchayat is thus the intermediate tier. Gram Sabha is the assembly of voters, not a tier.

Question 13General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

Which organisation is the nodal agency for the Narmada Valley Development Authority's major irrigation planning in Madhya Pradesh?

  1. Narmada Valley Development Authority Correct answer.
  2. Central Water Commission
  3. National Hydroelectric Power Corporation
  4. Bhakra Beas Management Board

Explanation

The Narmada Valley Development Authority (NVDA) was constituted by the Madhya Pradesh government to plan and execute irrigation and power projects in the Narmada basin within the state. It operates under the state's water resources department. The other bodies are central agencies with different mandates.

Question 14General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

The Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga temple, one of the twelve jyotirlingas, is located in which city of Madhya Pradesh?

  1. Ujjain Correct answer.
  2. Omkareshwar
  3. Indore
  4. Bhopal

Explanation

Mahakaleshwar temple is in Ujjain and is revered as one of the twelve jyotirlingas of Shiva. Ujjain also hosts the Simhastha Kumbh Mela every twelve years. Omkareshwar has a separate jyotirlinga, while Indore and Bhopal have no jyotirlinga.

Question 15General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

Which of these national parks in Madhya Pradesh is famous for the reintroduction of the cheetah from Namibia?

  1. Kuno National Park Correct answer.
  2. Bandhavgarh National Park
  3. Satpura National Park
  4. Pench National Park

Explanation

Kuno National Park in Sheopur district was selected for India's cheetah reintroduction project, and cheetahs were translocated there in 2022. Bandhavgarh, Satpura and Pench are tiger reserves known for their tiger populations. Kuno's open grassland habitat made it suitable for cheetahs.

Question 16General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

The 'Simhastha Kumbh' held at Ujjain occurs once in how many years?

  1. 12 years Correct answer.
  2. 1 year
  3. 3 years
  4. 6 years

Explanation

Simhastha at Ujjain is the Kumbh Mela of the Hindu calendar held once every twelve years, when Jupiter is in Leo (Simha). A half-Kumbh occurs every six years at some sites, but the full Simhastha follows the twelve-year cycle. Annual and three-yearly claims are incorrect.

Question 17General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

Which of the following describes the 'Mahua' tree's significance in the tribal economy of Madhya Pradesh?

  1. Its leaves are used to rear silkworms
  2. Its bark is the chief source of natural rubber
  3. Its timber is the main source of railway sleepers
  4. Its flowers are collected for food and liquor and provide seasonal income Correct answer.

Explanation

Mahua flowers are gathered by tribal families in MP and used for food, local liquor and sale, providing important seasonal cash income. The tree is culturally significant in central Indian tribal life. Its role is not primarily timber, sericulture or rubber production.

Question 18General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

The Chambal river forms part of the boundary of Madhya Pradesh with which state?

  1. Maharashtra
  2. Odisha
  3. Chhattisgarh
  4. Rajasthan Correct answer.

Explanation

The Chambal flows north-east and forms part of the boundary between Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan before joining the Yamuna. It is a tributary of the Yamuna originating in the Vindhyas. Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and Odisha do not share a Chambal boundary with MP.

Question 19General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

Which Madhya Pradesh city is known as the 'Manchester of India' for its cotton textile industry?

  1. Jabalpur
  2. Rewa
  3. Gwalior
  4. Indore Correct answer.

Explanation

Indore earned the nickname 'Manchester of India' because of its concentration of cotton textile mills and related industries. The city's location on trade routes and availability of capital supported this growth. The other cities are known for different industries or administrative roles.

Question 20General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

The Madhya Pradesh government's 'Mukhyamantri Kisan Kalyan Yojana' is best understood as which type of intervention?

  1. Free electricity to all urban households
  2. A subsidy on tractors only
  3. Direct income support transferred to eligible farmers Correct answer.
  4. A crop insurance scheme run by insurers

Explanation

The scheme provides direct income support to farmers, complementing the central PM-KISAN transfer, and is credited to bank accounts. It is a cash-transfer intervention rather than insurance or a single-input subsidy. Urban electricity and tractor-only subsidies describe different programmes.

Question 21General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

Which of the following places in Madhya Pradesh is a site of the Sanchi stupa complex, an important Buddhist monument?

  1. Datia district
  2. Morena district
  3. Narsinghpur district
  4. Raisen district Correct answer.

Explanation

The Sanchi stupas are located in Raisen district and were built under Ashoka's patronage, making the site a major Buddhist pilgrimage centre. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Datia, Morena and Narsinghpur have different historical associations.

Question 22General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

Which of these districts of Madhya Pradesh has the highest concentration of the particularly vulnerable tribal group 'Baiga'?

  1. Dindori Correct answer.
  2. Indore
  3. Bhopal
  4. Gwalior

Explanation

The Baiga, a particularly vulnerable tribal group, are concentrated in Dindori, Mandla and Balaghat districts of Madhya Pradesh. Dindori in particular is known for Baiga villages and the Achanakmar-Amarkantak landscape. Indore, Gwalior and Bhopal are urban districts with negligible Baiga population.

Question 23General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

The 'Narmada Bachao Andolan' in Madhya Pradesh is primarily associated with which issue?

  1. Displacement and rehabilitation due to large dams Correct answer.
  2. Reorganisation of district boundaries
  3. Promotion of organic farming
  4. Protection of tiger habitats

Explanation

The Narmada Bachao Andolan mobilised affected communities against the social and environmental costs of large dams on the Narmada, especially the Sardar Sarovar project, focusing on displacement and rehabilitation. It is not primarily a wildlife or farming movement. The issue is dam-related resettlement.

Question 24General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

In terms of area, which of the following states is larger than Madhya Pradesh?

  1. Rajasthan Correct answer.
  2. Haryana
  3. Punjab
  4. Chhattisgarh

Explanation

Madhya Pradesh is the second largest Indian state by area after Rajasthan, which is the largest. Chhattisgarh, Punjab and Haryana are all smaller in area than MP. Hence Rajasthan is the only state in the list larger than MP.

Question 25General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

Which of these statements about the forestry cover of Madhya Pradesh is correct?

  1. MP's forests are mainly mangrove forests
  2. MP has one of the largest forest areas among Indian states, dominated by teak and sal Correct answer.
  3. MP has almost no forest cover because of its plateau terrain
  4. MP's forests are confined to the Malwa plateau only

Explanation

Madhya Pradesh has one of the largest forest areas among Indian states, with tropical dry and moist deciduous forests in which teak and sal are prominent species. The forests are spread across the Satpura, Vindhya and Bastar–Maikal regions, not confined to Malwa. Mangroves occur in coastal states.

Question 26General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

Which river of Madhya Pradesh is known as the 'lifeline of Madhya Pradesh' and flows through a rift valley between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges?

  1. Narmada Correct answer.
  2. Betwa
  3. Sone
  4. Tapti

Explanation

The Narmada rises from Amarkantak and flows west through a rift valley separating the Vindhya and Satpura ranges, which is why it is popularly called the lifeline of Madhya Pradesh. Its valley is a major focus of irrigation planning in the state.

Question 27General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

The Madhya Pradesh government's 'Ladli Behna Yojana' provides monthly financial assistance primarily to which group?

  1. Unemployed educated youth
  2. Small and marginal farmers
  3. Women heads of poor households Correct answer.
  4. Scheduled Tribe students

Explanation

The scheme transfers a fixed monthly amount directly to eligible women of the state to improve their economic independence and health and nutrition outcomes. It is a cash-transfer intervention aimed at women rather than farmers, youth or students.

Question 28General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

Which of the following best describes the geological formation of the Malwa plateau in Madhya Pradesh?

  1. A limestone plateau formed by marine sedimentation
  2. A granite plateau formed by glacial erosion
  3. A lava plateau formed by Deccan trap basaltic flows Correct answer.
  4. A sand-dune plateau formed by aeolian deposition

Explanation

The Malwa plateau is built of Deccan trap basaltic lava flows, which give it its characteristic black cotton soil and gently rolling surface. Its origin is volcanic, not sedimentary, aeolian or glacial.

Question 29General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

In the context of Madhya Pradesh's Panchayati Raj, which body is constituted at the district level as the apex tier of the three-tier system?

  1. Gram Sabha
  2. Janpad Panchayat
  3. Zila Panchayat Correct answer.
  4. Gram Panchayat

Explanation

The three-tier Panchayati Raj structure places the Zila Panchayat at the district level as the apex body, with the Janpad Panchayat at the block level and the Gram Panchayat at the village level. The Gram Sabha is the assembly of village voters rather than a tier of the elected structure.

Question 30General Studies and Current Affairs (Madhya Pradesh focus)

A researcher studying the tribal economy of Madhya Pradesh finds that a forest produce is collected in summer, consumed as food and also distilled locally, and is central to the livelihood of many Bhil and Gond households. Which produce is being described?

  1. Tendu
  2. Sal seed
  3. Mahua Correct answer.
  4. Bamboo

Explanation

Mahua flowers are gathered in the hot season and used both as food and for local distillation, making the tree central to the tribal economy and culture in Madhya Pradesh. Tendu leaves, sal seeds and bamboo are also forest products but serve different purposes such as bidi wrapping, oil extraction and craft.

Question 31Agriculture and Agricultural Extension

In the Government of India's agricultural extension setup, which institution functions as the apex body for coordinating extension education and training at the national level?

  1. Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi
  2. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), Mumbai
  3. National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE), Hyderabad Correct answer.
  4. Directorate of Extension, Ministry of Rural Development

Explanation

MANAGE was set up in 1987 at Hyderabad as the national apex institution for agricultural extension management, handling training, research and policy support for extension personnel. ICAR coordinates agricultural research and education, while NABARD is a refinancing and development bank rather than an extension-training apex body.

Question 32Agriculture and Agricultural Extension

Under the Training and Visit (T&V) system of extension, what is the standard recommended interval between fortnightly visits by the Village Extension Worker to contact farmers?

  1. Once a fortnight Correct answer.
  2. Once a week
  3. Once a season
  4. Once a month

Explanation

The T&V system introduced by Daniel Benor is built on a fixed fortnightly cycle in which the Village Extension Worker visits contact farmers and then attends a fortnightly training session. This regular two-week rhythm distinguishes it from monthly or seasonal extension approaches.

Question 33Agriculture and Agricultural Extension

A village-level worker wants to demonstrate a new variety of wheat alongside the local variety in the same field under identical conditions. Which extension teaching method is being used?

  1. Group meeting
  2. Method demonstration
  3. Result demonstration Correct answer.
  4. Field day

Explanation

A result demonstration compares the performance of an improved practice or variety with the local check so farmers can see the outcome for themselves. A method demonstration, by contrast, teaches how to carry out a skill rather than proving a comparative result.

Question 34Agriculture and Agricultural Extension

Which communication model treats the extension worker as the source, the farmer as the receiver, and the advice as the message, while ignoring feedback?

  1. Berlo's SMCR model
  2. Transactional model of communication
  3. Aristotle's model of communication
  4. Shannon–Weaver linear model Correct answer.

Explanation

The Shannon–Weaver model is a linear, one-way model of source, transmitter, channel, receiver and destination, with noise as interference. It is often criticised in extension for giving little place to feedback from the farmer.

Question 35Agriculture and Agricultural Extension

Which of the following is an example of an audio-visual extension aid?

  1. Leaflet
  2. Video documentary Correct answer.
  3. Bulletin
  4. Circular letter

Explanation

A video documentary combines sound and moving pictures, so it appeals to both hearing and sight and is classed as an audio-visual aid. Leaflets, bulletins and circular letters are printed materials that rely only on reading.

Question 36Agriculture and Agricultural Extension

In extension programme planning, what is the first step before setting objectives for a village extension programme?

  1. Preparing the annual budget
  2. Evaluating the results of the previous plan
  3. Selecting the teaching methods to be used
  4. Collecting and analysing facts about the local situation Correct answer.

Explanation

Programme planning begins with a study of the situation, gathering facts about the people, their needs, resources and problems. Only after this situational analysis can realistic objectives, methods and budgets be framed.

Question 37Agriculture and Agricultural Extension

Which soil conservation measure is most appropriate for reducing soil erosion on a long, gentle slope under cultivation?

  1. Terrace farming with stone risers
  2. Levelling the entire field into a flat bed
  3. Contour bunding Correct answer.
  4. Construction of a check dam

Explanation

Contour bunding is designed for gentle to moderate slopes, where small earthen bunds along the contour slow runoff and trap soil. Check dams and stone-riser terracing suit steeper or gullied land, and complete levelling is costly and unnecessary for gentle slopes.

Question 38Agriculture and Agricultural Extension

Which of the following is a kharif season crop in Madhya Pradesh?

  1. Soybean Correct answer.
  2. Mustard
  3. Chickpea
  4. Wheat

Explanation

Soybean is sown with the onset of the monsoon in June–July and harvested in autumn, making it a kharif crop and a major crop of Madhya Pradesh. Wheat, mustard and chickpea are rabi crops grown in the cooler winter season.

Question 39Agriculture and Agricultural Extension

A farmer's field shows a soil pH of 5.2 with poor crop growth. Which amendment is most appropriate to correct this condition?

  1. Sodium chloride
  2. Elemental sulphur
  3. Lime Correct answer.
  4. Gypsum

Explanation

A pH of 5.2 indicates strongly acidic soil, and agricultural lime (calcium carbonate) is the standard amendment used to raise pH and reduce aluminium toxicity. Gypsum is used for sodic soils, while sulphur and sodium chloride would push pH further down or worsen salinity.

Question 40Agriculture and Agricultural Extension

Which nutrient is most commonly deficient in Indian soils and is supplied mainly through urea?

  1. Zinc
  2. Potassium
  3. Phosphorus
  4. Nitrogen Correct answer.

Explanation

Nitrogen is the most widely deficient nutrient in Indian soils and urea (46 per cent N) is the principal nitrogenous fertiliser. Phosphorus and potassium deficiencies occur in specific areas, and zinc is a micronutrient deficiency rather than the main fertiliser need.

Question 41Agriculture and Agricultural Extension

In an experiment, a farmer applies 120 kg N, 60 kg P2O5 and 40 kg K2O per hectare. What does this describe?

  1. The recommended dose of nutrients per hectare Correct answer.
  2. The organic matter content of the soil
  3. The fertiliser grade of a single complex fertiliser
  4. The soil test value of the field

Explanation

The figures state quantities of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium expressed as nutrients per hectare, which is how a recommended fertiliser dose is written. A fertiliser grade, by contrast, is written as a ratio such as 10:26:26.

Question 42Agriculture and Agricultural Extension

Which irrigation method is best suited to a crop grown on light sandy soil with limited water supply?

  1. Drip irrigation Correct answer.
  2. Basin irrigation
  3. Border strip irrigation
  4. Flood irrigation

Explanation

Drip irrigation delivers water slowly and directly to the root zone, minimising deep percolation losses that are severe in sandy soils and saving water where supply is scarce. Flood, border and basin methods apply large volumes and are inefficient on light-textured soils.

Question 43Agriculture and Agricultural Extension

A farmer wants to control bollworm in cotton using a bio-pesticide that acts as a stomach poison. Which option fits this description?

  1. Bacillus thuringiensis formulations Correct answer.
  2. Copper oxychloride
  3. Carbendazim
  4. Streptocycline

Explanation

Bacillus thuringiensis produces crystal proteins that act as a stomach poison when ingested by lepidopteran larvae such as bollworm. Copper oxychloride and carbendazim are fungicides, and streptocycline is an antibiotic used against bacterial diseases.

Question 44Agriculture and Agricultural Extension

What is the main purpose of seed treatment with Rhizobium culture before sowing a pulse crop?

  1. To enhance nitrogen fixation through root nodulation Correct answer.
  2. To increase the germination percentage of the seed lot
  3. To protect seeds from storage insects
  4. To correct soil acidity at the root zone

Explanation

Rhizobium is a symbiotic bacterium that forms root nodules in legumes and fixes atmospheric nitrogen for the crop. Seed treatment with the culture ensures a high population of effective bacteria near the germinating root.

Question 45Agriculture and Agricultural Extension

In the context of agricultural extension, what does the term 'diffusion of innovation' describe?

  1. The movement of farm labour from villages to cities
  2. The physical transport of produce from farm to market
  3. The transfer of land from one owner to another
  4. The process by which a new practice spreads through a social system over time Correct answer.

Explanation

Diffusion of innovation is the process by which an innovation is communicated through channels over time among members of a social system, producing categories such as innovators and laggards. It explains why adoption of a new practice follows an S-shaped curve.

Question 46Agriculture and Agricultural Extension

According to Rogers' classification of adopters, which category adopts an innovation only after the majority has already done so and is influenced largely by peer pressure?

  1. Late majority Correct answer.
  2. Early adopters
  3. Innovators
  4. Laggards

Explanation

The late majority is sceptical and adopts an innovation after most others have accepted it, mainly because of increasing social and economic pressure. Innovators and early adopters take the lead, while laggards are the last and most traditional group.

Question 47Agriculture and Agricultural Extension

Which element of the extension communication process refers to the response of the farmer back to the extension worker?

  1. Channel
  2. Feedback Correct answer.
  3. Noise
  4. Encoding

Explanation

Feedback is the receiver's response that travels back to the source and tells the communicator whether the message was understood. Channel is the medium, noise is interference, and encoding is the conversion of an idea into symbols.

Question 48Agriculture and Agricultural Extension

An extension officer wishes to reach a large number of farmers quickly with information about a new subsidy scheme. Which method is most suitable?

  1. Individual farm visit to every farmer
  2. Mass media such as radio or a social media broadcast Correct answer.
  3. Personal letter to each farmer
  4. Office consultation on request

Explanation

Mass media can carry a message to a large and dispersed audience rapidly and at low cost per person, which suits wide publicity of a scheme. Personal letters, individual visits and office consultations are limited in reach and slower.

Question 49Agriculture and Agricultural Extension

Which of the following best describes the role of a 'contact farmer' in the T&V extension system?

  1. A government officer posted at the block headquarters
  2. A trader who procures produce from the village
  3. A farmer selected to receive intensive advice and pass it on to neighbouring farmers Correct answer.
  4. A labourer hired to work on demonstration plots

Explanation

Contact farmers are selected progressive farmers whom the Village Extension Worker visits regularly, and who are expected to share the advice with fellow farmers. They act as local relay points for new technology within the village.

Question 50Agriculture and Agricultural Extension

A farmer reports that his paddy crop shows chlorosis in the younger leaves while the older leaves remain green. Which nutrient deficiency is most likely?

  1. Potassium
  2. Magnesium
  3. Nitrogen
  4. Iron Correct answer.

Explanation

Iron is immobile in the plant, so deficiency symptoms such as interveinal chlorosis appear first on the youngest leaves. Nitrogen, potassium and magnesium are mobile, so their deficiency symptoms typically appear first on older leaves.