NCHM JEE cheat sheet

Hospitality and Tourism Aptitude

• Tourism is defined as travel away from home for leisure, business, or other purposes for less than one consecutive year; a visitor staying overnight is a tourist, while a same-day visitor is an excursionist.

• The five A's of tourism destinations: Attractions, Accessibility, Accommodation, Amenities, and Activities; a destination missing any one of these is considered underdeveloped for tourism.

• Tourism demand is elastic and seasonal: peak, shoulder, and off-season pricing reflects demand fluctuation; business travel is less price-elastic than leisure travel.

• Hotel classification by size: small (up to 25 rooms), medium (26–100 rooms), large (101–300 rooms), very large (over 300 rooms); star ratings range from 1 to 5 with 5-star deluxe as the top tier.

• Front office room status codes: VC (vacant clean), VD (vacant dirty), OC (occupied clean), OD (occupied dirty), OOO (out of order), and DND (do not disturb).

• Kitchen brigade hierarchy (Escoffier system): Executive Chef, Sous Chef, Chef de Partie, Commis, and Apprentice; the classical kitchen also includes Saucier, Poissonnier, and Garde Manger roles.

• Tourism multiplier effect: every unit of tourist spending generates additional rounds of income in the local economy; leakage (imports, foreign-owned profits) reduces the multiplier.

• IATA airport codes are three letters, while ICAO codes are four letters; the first letter of an ICAO code denotes the region or country.