NCHM JEE flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Tourist vs excursionist

A tourist stays overnight at a destination away from home; an excursionist visits for less than 24 hours without an overnight stay. Both are classified as visitors under UNWTO definitions.

Five A's of tourism

Attractions, Accessibility, Accommodation, Amenities, and Activities. These five elements together determine whether a place can function as a viable tourist destination.

Domestic tourism

Travel by residents of a country within their own country. It is the largest segment of global tourism by volume and is less vulnerable to currency fluctuations than international tourism.

Inbound tourism

Visits to a country by non-residents. It earns foreign exchange for the host country and is measured through arrival statistics and tourism receipts in the balance of payments.

Outbound tourism

Travel by residents of a country to destinations outside it. It represents spending leaving the home economy and is a key source market indicator for destination countries.

Tourism multiplier effect

The process by which tourist spending circulates through an economy, generating successive rounds of income and employment. Leakages such as imports and repatriated profits reduce its final value.

Leakage in tourism

Money that leaves the local economy rather than recirculating, for example imports of food and equipment or profits repatriated by foreign-owned hotels. High leakage weakens the multiplier.

Seasonality in tourism

The predictable fluctuation of demand across the year, producing peak, shoulder, and off-peak periods. Destinations use differential pricing and event programming to manage it.

MICE tourism

Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions. This segment is high-yield, less seasonal, and typically requires large venues, business facilities, and strong air connectivity.

Ecotourism

Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and sustains local well-being. It emphasizes low visitor impact, interpretation, and community benefit.

Sustainable tourism

Tourism that meets present visitor and host needs without compromising future opportunities, balancing economic, social, and environmental dimensions across the destination.

Carrying capacity

The maximum number of visitors a destination can absorb without unacceptable environmental, social, or infrastructural deterioration. Exceeding it causes overcrowding and resource stress.

UNWTO

The United Nations World Tourism Organization, the UN agency responsible for promoting responsible and sustainable tourism and for publishing global tourism statistics and barometers.

IATA three-letter code

A three-letter airport identifier assigned by the International Air Transport Association, used in airline reservations and ticketing, for example DEL for Delhi.

ICAO four-letter code

A four-letter airport identifier assigned by the International Civil Aviation Organization, used in flight planning and air traffic control; the first letter indicates the region.

Star classification of hotels

A rating from one to five stars reflecting facilities and service standards, awarded by national tourism authorities or approved agencies; five-star deluxe is the highest tier.

Room status: VC and VD

VC means vacant clean and ready for sale; VD means vacant dirty and awaiting housekeeping. Front office uses these codes to coordinate with the housekeeping department.

Out of order room

A room withdrawn from sale because of maintenance or repair. Unlike out of service, it is excluded from the hotel's available room count and affects occupancy calculations.

Occupancy percentage formula

Rooms sold divided by rooms available, multiplied by 100. Out-of-order rooms are deducted from rooms available, so they do not distort the occupancy figure.

ADR (average daily rate)

Total room revenue divided by the number of rooms sold. It measures the average price actually achieved per occupied room over a given period.

RevPAR

Revenue per available room, calculated as room revenue divided by rooms available, or equivalently ADR multiplied by occupancy percentage. It combines price and volume performance.

Escoffier kitchen brigade

The classical hierarchy of a professional kitchen, headed by the executive chef and descending through sous chef, chef de partie, and commis to apprentices.

Garde manger

The kitchen station responsible for cold preparations such as salads, pâtés, and cold buffets. It also traditionally manages larder storage and cold food presentation.

Front office functions

Reservations, registration, room assignment, guest services, cashiering, and night audit. It is the main point of guest contact and drives room revenue.

Night audit

An overnight process that reconciles the day's financial transactions, posts room charges, verifies occupancy, and produces management reports before the business date rolls over.

Concierge

A front office role providing guests with information and arranging services such as transport, tours, dining reservations, and ticketing. It is distinct from bell and reception duties.

Housekeeping room types

Check-out, stayover, and due-out rooms, each cleaned on a different schedule. Stayover rooms receive lighter service, while check-out rooms get a full departure clean.

F&B cover

One guest served at a meal, used to measure restaurant volume. Covers multiplied by average spend per cover gives forecast food and beverage revenue.

Table d'hote menu

A fixed menu of several courses offered at a single set price. It contrasts with an à la carte menu, where each dish is priced and ordered separately.

Travel agency vs tour operator

A travel agency sells and books products on behalf of suppliers for commission; a tour operator assembles and packages components into its own product and bears commercial risk.

Inclusive tour

A package combining transport, accommodation, and often meals or sightseeing at one price. It simplifies booking for the traveller and is a core tour operator product.

Visa and passport basics

A passport certifies identity and nationality for international travel; a visa is a host-country endorsement permitting entry. Both are essential documents for outbound tourism.