Odisha Police SI cheat sheet

Odisha has 30 districts; the state was renamed from Orissa to Odisha on 1 November 2011 by the Odisha (Alteration of Name) Act, 2011.

Odisha's Legislative Assembly has 147 seats and the state sends 21 members to the Lok Sabha and 10 to the Rajya Sabha.

Capital: Bhubaneswar; High Court: Orissa High Court at Cuttack (established 1948); state animal: Sambar deer; state bird: Indian roller (blue jay); state tree: Banyan; state flower: Ashoka.

Odisha's official language is Odia, a classical language since 2014; other recognised languages of the state include Ho, Santhali, and Odia script for tribal languages.

National institutes located in Odisha: IIT Bhubaneswar, NIT Rourkela, AIIMS Bhubaneswar, NISER Bhubaneswar, IIIT Bhubaneswar, and the Institute of Physics.

Key national current-affairs anchors: Budget presented on 1 February, Economic Survey before the Budget, NITI Aayog replaced the Planning Commission in 2015, and GST launched on 1 July 2017.

Odisha-specific schemes frequently asked: Biju Swasthya Kalyan Yojana, KALIA (Krushak Assistance for Livelihood and Income Augmentation), Odisha Millet Mission, and Mission Shakti for women's self-help groups.

Odisha's coastline is about 480 km along the Bay of Bengal, and Paradip is its major port; Dhamra is another deep-water port.

Newton's three laws: inertia (F = 0 means no change in motion), F = ma, and every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

Work = force × displacement in the direction of force; power = work/time; SI unit of power is the watt, and 1 horsepower ≈ 746 watts.

Ohm's law: V = IR; resistors in series add (R = R1 + R2), in parallel 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2; electrical power P = VI = I²R = V²/R.

pH scale: below 7 acidic, 7 neutral, above 7 basic; litmus turns red in acid and blue in base; acid + base gives salt + water.

Human body: adult has 206 bones, 32 teeth, blood pH about 7.4; largest organ is skin; the liver produces bile and the pancreas produces insulin.

Photosynthesis: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight; occurs in chloroplasts.

Cell organelles: mitochondria are the powerhouse, ribosomes synthesise protein, lysosomes are suicidal bags, and the nucleus contains DNA.

Blood groups: A, B, AB, O with Rh factor; O negative is the universal donor and AB positive the universal recipient.

Kalinga War (c. 261 BCE) fought by Ashoka against Kalinga led to Ashoka's embrace of Buddhism; the rock edicts at Dhauli near Bhubaneswar record it.

Mahameghavahana king Kharavela (1st century BCE) of the Chedi dynasty is described in the Hathigumpha inscription at Udayagiri, Bhubaneswar.

The Bhauma-Kara, Somavamsi, Ganga, and Suryavamsi dynasties ruled Odisha; Anantavarman Chodaganga Deva built the Jagannath Temple at Puri in the 12th century.

Kapilendra Deva founded the Gajapati dynasty in 1434 CE; the Gajapati rulers patronised the Jagannath cult and expanded Odisha's territory.

Paika Rebellion of 1817 in Khurda under Bakshi Jagabandhu is regarded as an early armed uprising against British rule.

Odisha was separated from Bihar and became a separate province on 1 April 1936; the Utkal Sammilani (founded 1903) led the movement for a separate Odia-speaking province.

Indian national milestones: Indian National Congress founded 1885, Jallianwala Bagh 1919, Non-Cooperation 1920, Quit India 1942, Independence 15 August 1947.

Odisha merged with the Indian Union in 1949, and the princely states were integrated into the state in stages between 1948 and 1949.

Odisha lies between roughly 17°49′N–22°34′N latitude and 81°27′E–87°29′E longitude; it borders West Bengal (north), Jharkhand (northwest), Chhattisgarh (west), and Andhra Pradesh (south).

Major rivers: Mahanadi (longest in Odisha), Brahmani, Baitarani, Subarnarekha, Budhabalanga, and Rushikulya; the Mahanadi delta is a major deltaic region.

Chilika Lake is Asia's largest brackish-water lagoon; the Hirakud Dam on the Mahanadi is one of the longest earthen dams in the world.

Highest peak in Odisha is Deomali in the Koraput district (Eastern Ghats); Similipal in Mayurbhanj is a biosphere reserve and tiger reserve.

Climate: tropical monsoon; the southwest monsoon (June–September) brings most rainfall; the state is prone to cyclones from the Bay of Bengal.

India's physical divisions: Himalayas, Indo-Gangetic Plain, Peninsular Plateau, Coastal Plains, and Islands; the Tropic of Cancer passes through 8 Indian states.

Soils: alluvial in coastal Odisha, red and laterite in the uplands, and black soil mainly in the western districts.

Ports and coast: Paradip, Dhamra, and Gopalpur are Odisha's ports; the Bay of Bengal lies to the east.

The Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950; it was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949.

Fundamental Rights are in Part III (Articles 12–35); Directive Principles in Part IV (Articles 36–51); Fundamental Duties in Article 51A added by the 42nd Amendment, 1976.

The President is the constitutional head (Article 52) and the Governor heads a state (Article 153); the Chief Minister heads the state executive.

The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments (1992) gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj and urban local bodies.

The Election Commission of India (Article 324) conducts elections; the Comptroller and Auditor General is under Article 148.

Odisha's Panchayati Raj has three tiers: Gram Panchayat, Panchayat Samiti (block), and Zilla Parishad (district).

Writs under Article 32 (Supreme Court) and Article 226 (High Court): habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, certiorari, and quo warranto.

Money Bill is defined in Article 110 and can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha with the President's recommendation.

GDP = C + I + G + (X − M); nominal GDP uses current prices, real GDP uses constant prices.

Inflation measured by CPI (consumer) and WPI (wholesale); the RBI's Monetary Policy Committee targets CPI inflation at 4% with a ±2% band.

Repo rate is the rate at which the RBI lends to banks; reverse repo is the rate at which the RBI absorbs liquidity.

Odisha's economy is driven by mining (iron ore, bauxite, coal), steel, aluminium, agriculture (rice), and ports; the state is a leading producer of iron ore and bauxite.

Major Odisha industrial hubs: Rourkela (steel), Angul (coal and aluminium), Jharsuguda (aluminium), Paradip (port and refinery), and Kalinganagar (steel).

Budget deficits: fiscal deficit = total expenditure − total receipts excluding borrowings; revenue deficit = revenue expenditure − revenue receipts.

GST Council is chaired by the Union Finance Minister; GST has slabs of 5%, 12%, 18%, and 28%, with cess on some goods.

NITI Aayog prepares the SDG India Index; Odisha's Human Development Index and per capita income are below the national average.

Number series: check differences, then ratios, then squares/cubes; alternating series often use two interleaved patterns.

Coding-decoding: apply the shift in both directions and check reversal of the alphabet (A↔Z, B↔Y); write the alphabet positions 1–26.

Blood relations: draw a family tree with gender symbols; 'maternal uncle' = mother's brother, 'paternal aunt' = father's sister.

Direction sense: draw the path on paper; net displacement uses Pythagoras when turns are 90°.

Syllogism: use Venn diagrams; 'All A are B' does not imply 'All B are A'; 'Some A are B' is reversible.

Seating arrangement: fix the reference person, then place others clockwise/anticlockwise; for rows, note left/right from the person's facing direction.

Calendar: a normal year shifts the day by 1 and a leap year by 2; a century has 5 odd days, 400 years have 0 odd days.

Clock: the minute hand moves 6° per minute and the hour hand 0.5° per minute; the hands coincide every 65 5/11 minutes.

Percentage: x% of N = (x/100) × N; successive percentage change of a% then b% gives a + b + ab/100.

Profit and loss: profit% = (SP − CP)/CP × 100; discount% = (MP − SP)/MP × 100; SP = CP × (100 + profit%)/100.

Simple interest SI = PRT/100; compound interest CI = P(1 + R/100)^T − P; for 2 years CI − SI = P(R/100)².

Time, speed, distance: distance = speed × time; 1 km/h = 5/18 m/s; average speed = total distance / total time.

Time and work: if A does a job in x days and B in y days, together they take xy/(x + y) days.

Ratio and proportion: if a:b = c:d, then ad = bc; divide a quantity in ratio m:n as (m/(m+n)) × total and (n/(m+n)) × total.

Mensuration: area of circle = πr², circumference = 2πr; volume of cylinder = πr²h; volume of sphere = (4/3)πr³; area of triangle = ½ × base × height.

Average: average = sum of observations / number of observations; if each value increases by k, the average increases by k.

Subject-verb agreement: a singular subject takes a singular verb; 'one of the + plural noun' takes a singular verb (e.g., 'One of the boys is here').

Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds, 'an' before vowel sounds (an hour, a university); 'the' for specific or unique references.

Tenses: present perfect (has/have + past participle) for past actions with present relevance; past perfect (had + participle) for the earlier of two past actions.

Prepositions: 'since' with a point of time, 'for' with a duration; 'between' for two, 'among' for more than two.

Active to passive: object becomes subject, verb becomes be + past participle, and the agent follows 'by'.

Common error traps: 'discuss about' (wrong), 'return back' (wrong), 'more better' (wrong), 'each of the students has' (correct).

Synonyms and antonyms are tested with word families; idioms such as 'a blessing in disguise' and 'to let the cat out of the bag' appear frequently.

Reading comprehension: locate the main idea in the first or last sentence of a paragraph; answer only from the passage, not outside knowledge.

Odia script has 11 vowels (ସ୍ୱରବର୍ଣ୍ଣ) and 34 consonants (ବ୍ୟଞ୍ଜନବର୍ଣ୍ଣ); it is written left to right and is derived from the Kalinga script.

Odia is a classical language (declared 2014) and the official language of Odisha; its earliest inscription is the 10th-century Dhauli inscription in old Odia.

ସ୍ୱରବର୍ଣ୍ଣ: ଅ ଆ ଇ ଈ ଉ ଊ ଋ ୠ ଏ ଐ ଓ ଔ; ବ୍ୟଞ୍ଜନବର୍ଣ୍ଣ: କ ଖ ଗ ଘ ଙ ଚ ଛ ଜ ଝ ଞ ଟ ଠ ଡ ଢ ଣ ତ ଥ ଦ ଧ ନ ପ ଫ ବ ଭ ମ ଯ ର ଳ ଲ ୱ ଶ ଷ ସ ହ.

ଯୁକ୍ତାକ୍ଷର (conjunct consonants) form when two consonants join, e.g., କ୍ଷ, ଜ୍ଞ, ତ୍ର, ଶ୍ର; the ହଳନ୍ତ (୍) mark removes the inherent vowel.

ଓଡ଼ିଆ ବ୍ୟାକରଣ: ବିଶେଷ୍ୟ (noun), ବିଶେଷଣ (adjective), ସର୍ବନାମ (pronoun), କ୍ରିୟା (verb), ଅବ୍ୟୟ (indeclinable); କାରକ and ବିଭକ୍ତି govern case endings.

ସନ୍ଧି: ସ୍ୱରସନ୍ଧି, ବ୍ୟଞ୍ଜନସନ୍ଧି, ବିସର୍ଗସନ୍ଧି; e.g., ଦେବ + ଆଲୟ = ଦେବାଲୟ.

ସମାସ: ଦ୍ୱନ୍ଦ୍ୱ, ତତ୍ପୁରୁଷ, ବହୁବ୍ରୀହି, କର୍ମଧାରୟ, ଦ୍ୱିଗୁ, ଅବ୍ୟୟୀଭାବ; ଉପମା and ରୂପକ are common ଅଳଙ୍କାର.

ପ୍ରମୁଖ ଓଡ଼ିଆ ସାହିତ୍ୟିକ: ସାରଳା ଦାସ (ମହାଭାରତ), ଜଗନ୍ନାଥ ଦାସ (ଭାଗବତ), ବଳରାମ ଦାସ (ରାମାୟଣ), ଉପେନ୍ଦ୍ର ଭଞ୍ଜ, ଫକୀରମୋହନ ସେନାପତି, ଗୋପବନ୍ଧୁ ଦାସ, ରାଧାନାଥ ରାୟ.

Computer generations: 1st vacuum tubes, 2nd transistors, 3rd integrated circuits, 4th microprocessors, 5th artificial intelligence.

Memory units: 1 byte = 8 bits, 1 KB = 1024 bytes, 1 MB = 1024 KB, 1 GB = 1024 MB, 1 TB = 1024 GB.

CPU has three parts: arithmetic logic unit (ALU), control unit (CU), and registers; RAM is volatile and ROM is non-volatile.

Shortcuts: Ctrl+C copy, Ctrl+V paste, Ctrl+X cut, Ctrl+Z undo, Ctrl+Y redo, Ctrl+S save, Ctrl+P print, Ctrl+A select all, Alt+F4 close window.

Microsoft Office: Word (.docx), Excel (.xlsx), PowerPoint (.pptx); Excel formulas begin with '=' and SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT, IF are common functions.

Internet: IP address identifies a device, DNS converts domain names to IP addresses, HTTP/HTTPS transfer web pages, and email uses SMTP to send and POP3/IMAP to receive.

Programming languages: C, C++, Java, Python, and JavaScript; Python is interpreted and Java is compiled to bytecode run on the JVM.

Computer security: antivirus detects malware, a firewall filters network traffic, and phishing is a social-engineering attack that steals credentials.

Odisha Police physical efficiency test typically includes a 1.6 km (1600 m) run, long jump, high jump, and shot put; qualifying standards differ by category and are notified in the official advertisement.

Height standards commonly notified for Odisha Police SI: general male candidates around 168 cm and female candidates around 155 cm, with relaxations for reserved categories as per the notification.

Chest measurement for male candidates is usually a minimum of 79 cm unexpanded with a minimum expansion of 5 cm; female candidates are exempt from chest measurement.

Running event scoring is time-based; candidates should train for negative splits and controlled breathing rather than an all-out sprint.

Long jump technique: approach run, take-off from one foot behind the board, land with both feet; a foul is called if the take-off foot crosses the board.

High jump uses the Fosbury flop or scissor technique; three consecutive failures at a height eliminate the jumper.

Shot put: the throw must be from the shoulder, within the circle, and land within the sector; stepping out of the circle before the implement lands is a foul.

Medical standards require normal vision, hearing, and no disqualifying condition; the final standards are those printed in the current official recruitment notification.