Law of Torts and Jurisprudence
Negligence and liability
Negligence needs duty, breach, damage and remoteness of harm. Res ipsa loquitur shifts the evidential burden where the thing speaks for itself. Vicarious liability rests on the course of employment. Strict liability from Rylands v Fletcher has been read in India with the absolute liability rule in M.C. Mehta, where exceptions such as act of God do not apply to hazardous enterprises. Volenti non fit injuria requires free and informed consent; contributory negligence reduces damages under the current rule.
Intentional torts
Trespass to land or person, false imprisonment (total restraint of liberty), malicious prosecution (absence of reasonable and probable cause plus malice), nuisance (unlawful interference with use and enjoyment), and defamation, where libel is actionable per se, while slander needs special damage except in defined cases. Defences include truth, fair comment, privilege and consent.
Damages
Remote consequences follow the Wagon Mound principle of reasonable foreseeability, not directness. General, special, aggravated and exemplary damages differ.
Jurisprudence
Know the analytical, historical, sociological and natural schools; the sources of law (custom, precedent, legislation); the binding force of precedent and ratio versus obiter; Hohfeld's pairing of right, duty, liability and no-right; and the concepts of person, possession, ownership and obligation.
Rule of thumb
In tort, ask first whether the harm was reasonably foreseeable, then whether any defence excuses or limits it.