Maharashtra Civil Judge (JD) & JMFC study guide
Maharashtra Civil Judge (JD) & JMFC · Work through your exam, one topic at a time.
The Maharashtra Civil Judge (Junior Division) & Judicial Magistrate First Class examination is the entry gate to the subordinate judiciary in Maharashtra, conducted under the aegis of the Bombay High Court. Clearing it makes you eligible for appointment as a Civil Judge, Junior Division, and Judicial Magistrate First Class - a post that combines civil adjudication, criminal trial work, remand and bail decisions, and, in time, execution and appeal-adjacent responsibilities. The Maharashtra Civil Judge (JD) & JMFC study guide has 11 sections and about 3,332 words.
01Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 - Pleadings, Jurisdiction, Suits, Appeals and Execution
CPC questions cluster around jurisdiction, pleadings, appealability and execution. Stems often quote a section or order number and ask which order follows.
334 words, about 2 min02Criminal Procedure - Investigation, Trial, Bail, Trial Courts, Appeals and Revision
Learn the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 provisions and note the corresponding Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 sections, since numbering has shifted while the concepts remain the same. FIR under Section 154; Section 156 empowers police investigation; Section 157 requires report to the Magistrate.
308 words, about 2 min03Substantive Criminal Law - Offences, General Exceptions and Punishment
The Indian Penal Code, 1860 is now paralleled by the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. Answer by concept and cite both numbering sets where you can.
320 words, about 2 min04Law of Evidence - Relevancy, Proof, Witnesses and Presumptions
The Indian Evidence Act, 1872 moves from relevancy (Sections 5 to 55) to proof (Sections 56 to 100), to production and effect (Sections 101 to 114) and finally to witnesses (Sections 118 to 167). Res gestae under Section 6; dying declaration under Section 32(1), admissible even without the maker being examined, provided it is voluntary, coherent and made in a fit mental state.
312 words, about 2 min05Civil Substantive Law - Contract, Specific Relief, Transfer of Property, Easements
Sections 2, 10 and 11 of the Contract Act set out offer, acceptance, consideration and capacity. Key battlegrounds: freer consent under Sections 14 to 19; legality under Section 23; agreements without consideration are void save for Section 25 exceptions; Section 56 frustration must be impossibility, not mere hardship or inconvenience.
287 words, about 1 min06Personal Law and Succession - Hindu, Muslim and Indian Succession Act
Hindu Marriage Act, 1955: Section 5 conditions, Section 9 restitution, Sections 13 and 13B divorce, Section 14 one-year bar, Sections 24 and 25 maintenance and permanent alimony. Hindu Succession Act, 1956: Section 6 (post-2005) makes a daughter a coparcener by birth; Section 8 lays down the general rules of succession; Section 15 governs succession to a female Hindu.
277 words, about 1 min07Constitutional Law - Fundamental Rights, Courts, Writs and Service Law Basics
Article 12 defines State; Article 13 gives judicial review of pre-constitutional and post-constitutional law. Article 14 forbids arbitrariness as well as unequal classification; Article 15 and Article 16 protect against discrimination and guarantee equality of opportunity.
284 words, about 1 min08Maharashtra State Statutes - Rent Control, Stamp, Court Fees, Registration and Tenancy
It applies to premises with a monthly rent exceeding the specified limit, except exempt categories; Section 7 lists exemptions (government, public trusts, and certain others). Learn standard rent, permitted increases, recovery of possession on grounds such as non-payment, bona fide need, nuisance, subletting and unauthorised structural alteration, and the limited jurisdiction under the special forum provision.
325 words, about 2 min09Law of Torts and Jurisprudence
Negligence needs duty, breach, damage and remoteness of harm. Res ipsa loquitur shifts the evidential burden where the thing speaks for itself.
271 words, about 1 min10Commercial and Business Law - Sale of Goods, Partnership, Negotiable Instruments, Companies
Section 4 defines a sale and distinguishes it from an agreement to sell; Section 12 separates conditions and warranties; Section 16 supplies implied conditions and warranties; Sections 18 to 25 govern transfer of property in goods, including identification and delivery; Section 27 distinguishes mercantile agents. The unpaid seller's rights under Sections 45 to 54 cover lien, stoppage in transit and resale.
298 words, about 1 min11Pleadings, Drafting, Judgment Writing and Professional Ethics
Order VI Rule 1 requires a concise statement of material facts, and Rule 17 permits amendment (not to defeat limitation or introduce a new case). A plaint under Order VII must state the cause of action, jurisdiction and valuation, and be verified under Rule 15; rejection is confined to Rule 11.
316 words, about 2 min