PNB LBO flashcards
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31 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Repo Rate
- The rate at which the Reserve Bank of India lends short-term funds to commercial banks against government securities; raising it tightens liquidity and is used to control inflation.
- Cash Reserve Ratio
- The percentage of a bank's net demand and time liabilities that must be held as cash with the RBI; it earns no interest for the bank.
- Fiscal Deficit
- Total government expenditure minus total receipts excluding borrowings; it measures how much the government must borrow to fund its spending gap.
- Leveraged Buyout
- An acquisition in which a large share of the purchase price is financed by debt secured against the target company's assets and future cash flows.
- Basel III Capital Buffer
- Beyond minimum capital, banks must hold a capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets, restricting dividends when the buffer is breached.
- Priority Sector Lending
- A regulatory mandate requiring domestic scheduled commercial banks to lend 40% of adjusted net bank credit to agriculture, MSMEs, education, housing and weaker sections.
- Primary Deficit
- The fiscal deficit minus interest payments on past debt; it shows the current year's borrowing need excluding the cost of inherited liabilities.
- Subject-Verb Agreement
- A verb must match its subject in number and person; intervening phrases do not change the subject, so 'one of the boys is' is correct.
- Affect versus Effect
- Affect is normally a verb meaning to influence; effect is normally a noun meaning a result. Mixing them is a common error in usage questions.
- Reported Speech Shift
- When reporting speech, present tenses usually shift to past and pronouns change, but universal truths keep the present tense, as in 'He said water boils at 100 degrees'.
- Neither-Nor Concord
- With 'neither ... nor' or 'either ... or', the verb agrees with the subject nearer to it, so 'Neither the manager nor the clerks were present' is correct.
- Second Conditional
- Used for unreal or unlikely present situations: if plus past simple in the clause, and would plus base verb in the main clause.
- Bite the Bullet
- An idiom meaning to face a difficult or unpleasant situation with courage and endure it rather than avoiding it.
- Parallelism in Lists
- Items joined by 'and' or 'or' should share the same grammatical form, such as all infinitives or all gerunds, to keep the sentence balanced.
- Article Use with Sounds
- The choice between 'a' and 'an' depends on the initial sound, not the letter, giving 'an hour' and 'a university'.
- Compound Interest Formula
- Amount equals principal multiplied by one plus rate over 100 raised to the time period; interest is the amount minus the principal.
- Successive Percentage Change
- Two successive changes of a percent and b percent produce a net change of a plus b plus ab divided by 100 percent, not simply a plus b.
- Average Speed Equal Distances
- When equal distances are covered at speeds x and y, the average speed is twice xy divided by x plus y, which is the harmonic mean.
- Work Rate Formula
- If A finishes a job in x days and B in y days, working together they finish it in xy divided by x plus y days.
- Alligation Rule
- A method giving the ratio in which two ingredients at different prices must be mixed to obtain a desired mean price, computed by cross differences.
- Combination Formula
- The number of ways to choose r items from n without regard to order equals n factorial divided by r factorial times n minus r factorial.
- Sphere Volume
- The volume of a sphere is four-thirds of pi multiplied by the cube of its radius, used in mensuration questions on solids.
- Simple Interest Formula
- Interest equals principal multiplied by rate multiplied by time, divided by 100; the principal stays unchanged each year.
- Syllogism Conversion Rules
- 'All A are B' does not convert, 'Some A are B' converts to 'Some B are A', and 'No A is B' converts to 'No B is A'.
- Circular Seating Direction Rule
- For people seated in a circle facing the centre, a person's right-hand neighbour lies anticlockwise; when facing outward, right lies clockwise.
- Blood Relation Notation
- Vertical lines link generations and horizontal lines link spouses or siblings, letting complex relation statements be reduced to a family tree.
- Cache Memory
- A small, very fast memory between the CPU and RAM that stores frequently used data, reducing average access time during processing.
- Volatile Memory
- Memory that loses its stored contents when power is switched off; RAM is volatile, while ROM retains data permanently.
- Hexadecimal to Binary
- Each hexadecimal digit maps to exactly four binary bits, so converting is done digit by digit, for example F becomes 1111.
- DNS Function
- The Domain Name System translates human-readable domain names into numeric IP addresses so browsers can locate servers on a network.
- Ctrl+Z Shortcut
- The standard keyboard shortcut that undoes the most recent action in most applications, restoring the previous state of the document.