Punjab PSEB Matric Health & Physical Education key terms

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or weakness. It covers how a person feels, functions and relates to others in daily life.

The active, daily effort a person makes to stay healthy and improve their quality of life. It includes physical, mental, emotional and social habits rather than only the absence of illness.

A diet that supplies all the nutrients the body needs in the right amounts, drawn from cereals, pulses, vegetables, fruits, milk products and fats. It gives energy, supports growth and prevents deficiency diseases.

Substances in food that the body uses to build itself, release energy and regulate its functions. The main groups are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water and roughage.

The indigestible fibre part of food, found in whole grains, vegetables and fruits. It adds bulk to the diet, helps the intestines push waste out and prevents constipation.

An illness caused by a long-term shortage of a particular nutrient in the diet. Examples include anaemia from lack of iron, beriberi from lack of vitamin B1 and scurvy from lack of vitamin C.

A condition in which the blood carries less haemoglobin or fewer red blood cells than normal, so less oxygen reaches the tissues. It often causes tiredness, pale skin and breathlessness, and is commonly linked to iron deficiency.

A condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to a level that harms health. It raises the risk of diabetes, high blood pressure and joint problems, and is usually linked to overeating and low physical activity.

A non-communicable illness whose risk rises with daily habits such as poor diet, smoking, alcohol use and inactivity. Common examples are type 2 diabetes, hypertension and heart disease.

A quick screening measure of body weight relative to height, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. It is used to sort people into underweight, normal, overweight and obese ranges.

An illness that spreads from one person, animal or surface to another through air, water, food, contact or insects. Measles, tuberculosis, cholera and malaria are examples.

The process of making the body resistant to a disease, usually by giving a vaccine that trains the immune system. It may be given before exposure, as with routine childhood vaccines, or after exposure in some cases.

A preparation made from weakened, killed or part of a germ, or from a toxoid, that is given to trigger protective immunity without causing the full disease. It is usually given by injection or by mouth.

The everyday practices a person follows to keep the body, clothes, food and surroundings clean and free from germs. It includes handwashing, bathing, oral care and safe disposal of waste.

Care of one's own body and belongings, such as daily bathing, brushing teeth, washing hands, trimming nails and wearing clean clothes. It protects the person and those around them from infection.

The systems and practices for safely managing human waste, wastewater and refuse so that germs do not reach people, food or water sources. Safe toilets, drains and garbage collection are core parts of it.

An organism, most often an insect such as a mosquito, fly or tick, that carries a disease-causing germ from one host to another. Controlling breeding sites and protecting the body are key ways to stop it.

The immediate, temporary care given to a sick or injured person before professional medical help arrives. Its aims are to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening and promote recovery.

The guiding principle that a first aider must first check that the scene is safe for themselves and the casualty before giving any help. It prevents the rescuer from becoming a second victim.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, a life-saving technique combining chest compressions, and in trained hands rescue breaths, to keep blood and oxygen moving when a person's heart has stopped. It buys time until advanced help is available.

A safe side-lying posture in which an unconscious person who is breathing is placed so the airway stays open and vomit or fluid can drain out. It is used when the casualty has no suspected spinal injury.

A strip of cloth or similar material wrapped around a body part to hold a dressing in place, support an injury or limit swelling. It must be firm enough to stay on but loose enough not to cut off circulation.

An injury in which the ligaments around a joint are stretched or torn by a sudden twist, causing pain, swelling and bruising. Initial care follows rest, ice, compression and elevation.

A crack or break in a bone, caused by direct force, indirect force or disease of the bone. Signs include pain, swelling, deformity and loss of normal movement; the limb should be immobilised before movement.

A first-aid routine for soft-tissue injuries: rest the part, apply ice, apply compression and elevate it. It reduces pain and swelling in the first hours after a sprain or strain.

A sterile pad or clean cloth placed directly over a wound to stop bleeding and keep dirt and germs out. It is usually held in place by a bandage and should not be removed once soaked.

Death or serious harm from suffocation caused by the airway being submerged in water. First aid involves safe rescue, clearing the airway, starting CPR if breathing has stopped and getting medical help fast.

The ability of the body to carry out daily tasks with vigour and alertness, without undue fatigue, and with enough reserve energy to meet emergencies. It has health-related and skill-related components.

The capacity to keep working or exercising for a long time without tiring. Cardiovascular endurance depends on the heart and lungs, while muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle to repeat contractions.

The range of movement possible at a joint or group of joints without pain. It depends on muscle, tendon and ligament length and is improved by regular stretching, especially when the body is warm.

A short set of gentle movements and stretches done before vigorous activity to raise body temperature, increase blood flow to muscles and lower the risk of injury. It should be followed by a cool-down.

Gentle activity and stretching done after exercise to bring the heart rate down gradually and help muscles relax. It reduces dizziness and stiffness that can follow sudden stopping.

An ancient Indian system of physical postures, breathing control and meditation aimed at uniting body and mind. In school practice it develops flexibility, balance, concentration and calmness.

A steady, comfortable body posture practised in yoga, such as Tadasana or Bhujangasana. Each posture is held with controlled breathing to build strength, flexibility and balance.

The yogic practice of controlling and regulating the breath through techniques such as slow inhalation, retention and exhalation. It is used to calm the mind, improve lung capacity and increase awareness.

A rule in football and hockey that keeps attackers from waiting near the opponent's goal. A player is penalised when, at the moment the ball is played, they are nearer the opponent's goal line than required without being onside.

Moving the ball forward under close personal control by small touches, used in hockey, football and basketball. It lets a player keep possession while beating an opponent.

An unfair act or breach of the rules of a game, such as pushing, tripping or handling the ball illegally. It usually gives the opposing side a free hit, free kick or throw.