Punjab PSEB Matric NSQF Health Care cheat sheet
Punjab PSEB Matric NSQF Health Care · Keep the key ideas within reach.
Health Care (NSQF Vocational Trade)
Vital signs normal adult ranges: pulse 60-100 beats/min, respiration 12-20 breaths/min, blood pressure 120/80 mmHg (normal), oral temperature 36.5-37.5 °C.
Infection control chain: infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host; hand hygiene breaks the transmission link at the most critical point.
Standard precautions apply to all patients: hand hygiene, gloves for body-fluid contact, gown and mask when splashing is likely, safe sharps disposal in puncture-proof containers.
Body temperature is measured orally, axillary, tympanic, or rectally; axillary readings run about 0.5 °C lower than oral, rectal about 0.5 °C higher.
Pulse sites: radial (routine), carotid (emergency), brachial (blood pressure), apical (auscultated at heart apex, counted a full 60 seconds).
Blood pressure is recorded as systolic over diastolic; systolic is ventricular contraction pressure, diastolic is resting pressure between beats.
Patient positioning rules: supine (flat on back), Fowler (semi-sitting 45-60°), Trendelenburg (head lower than feet), lateral (side-lying), prone (face down).
Basic life support sequence for adults: check responsiveness and breathing, call for help, start chest compressions at 100-120 per minute, depth 5-6 cm, ratio 30 compressions to 2 breaths.
Medical asepsis reduces pathogen numbers (handwashing, cleaning); surgical asepsis destroys all microorganisms (sterilisation, sterile field, sterile gloves).