Punjab PSEB Matric NSQF Health Care flashcards
Punjab PSEB Matric NSQF Health Care · Build recall with a focused review session.
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- Normal adult pulse rate
- A resting adult heart rate between 60 and 100 beats per minute; below 60 is bradycardia and above 100 is tachycardia.
- Normal adult respiratory rate
- Breathing rate of 12 to 20 breaths per minute at rest in a healthy adult; count for a full minute without telling the patient.
- Normal oral temperature
- Body temperature of about 36.5 to 37.5 degrees Celsius when measured under the tongue; axillary readings are roughly 0.5 degrees lower.
- Blood pressure definition
- The force of blood against artery walls, recorded as systolic pressure over diastolic pressure in millimetres of mercury, for example 120/80 mmHg.
- Systolic pressure
- The higher blood pressure number, produced when the heart ventricles contract and push blood into the arteries.
- Diastolic pressure
- The lower blood pressure number, reflecting arterial pressure while the heart relaxes and refills between contractions.
- Radial pulse site
- The wrist point on the thumb side of the forearm where the radial artery is felt; the most common site for routine pulse counting.
- Apical pulse
- The heartbeat heard with a stethoscope over the heart apex, counted for a full 60 seconds, often used for infants or patients on heart drugs.
- Fowler position
- A semi-sitting position with the head of the bed raised 45 to 60 degrees, used to ease breathing and reduce pressure on the abdomen.
- Supine position
- Lying flat on the back with the face upward, a common position for examination, rest, and some procedures.
- Trendelenburg position
- A position with the body flat and the head lower than the feet, historically used to improve blood flow to the brain.
- Lateral position
- A side-lying position in which the patient rests on the left or right side, often used for bedridden patients to relieve pressure.
- Chain of infection
- Six linked elements: infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host.
- Standard precautions
- Infection-control measures applied to every patient regardless of diagnosis, including hand hygiene, gloves, gowns, masks, and safe sharps disposal.
- Medical asepsis
- Practices such as handwashing and cleaning that reduce the number and spread of microorganisms but do not destroy all of them.
- Surgical asepsis
- Practices that destroy all microorganisms and keep equipment and the work area sterile, used for surgery and invasive procedures.
- Sterilisation
- A process that destroys all microorganisms including bacterial spores, commonly by autoclave steam under pressure.
- Autoclave
- Equipment that sterilises instruments using steam under pressure, usually at about 121 degrees Celsius for 15 to 20 minutes.
- Hand hygiene
- Cleaning hands with soap and water or alcohol-based rub, the single most effective action to prevent transmission of infection.
- Biomedical waste segregation
- Separating hospital waste by colour-coded bins, for example yellow for infectious waste and red or puncture-proof containers for sharps.
- Sharps disposal rule
- Used needles and blades are never recapped by hand and are dropped directly into a puncture-proof, labelled sharps container.
- Adult CPR compression rate
- Chest compressions delivered at 100 to 120 per minute with a depth of 5 to 6 centimetres in an adult.
- CPR compression-breath ratio
- For a single rescuer or two rescuers in adult basic life support, 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths.
- Recovery position
- A stable side-lying position for an unconscious but breathing patient that keeps the airway open and prevents choking.
- First aid definition
- Immediate, temporary care given to an injured or suddenly ill person before professional medical help arrives.
- Sprain care
- Rest, ice, compression, and elevation of the injured joint, with ice applied for short periods to limit swelling.
- Burn first aid
- Cool the burn with clean running water for about 10 to 20 minutes, cover loosely, and never apply oil, butter, or ice.
- Shock signs
- Pale clammy skin, rapid weak pulse, shallow breathing, restlessness, and falling blood pressure; keep the patient warm and lying down.
- Oral medication administration
- The five rights: right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, and right time, checked before giving any medicine.
- Intradermal injection site
- An injection given into the top layer of skin, commonly on the inner forearm, used for allergy and tuberculosis skin tests.
- Intramuscular injection site
- An injection into muscle tissue, often in the upper outer arm or buttock, used for vaccines and many medicines.
- Normal adult blood pressure
- A systolic pressure near 120 mmHg and diastolic near 80 mmHg; readings of 140/90 mmHg or above suggest hypertension.