PSEB SS Home Science flashcards
PSEB SS Home Science · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Balanced diet
- A diet supplying all nutrients in correct proportion and adequate quantity for a person's age, sex, and activity, including energy-giving, body-building, and protective foods.
- Basal metabolic rate
- The energy the body uses at complete rest for breathing, circulation, and cell activity. It is measured in kilocalories per day and rises with body size and youth.
- Kwashiorkor
- Protein deficiency disease of young children marked by oedema, a distended abdomen, poor growth, and skin and hair changes, usually appearing after weaning.
- Marasmus
- Severe deficiency of both protein and energy causing extreme wasting, loss of subcutaneous fat, and old-looking face, most common in infants under one year.
- Night blindness
- Inability to see in dim light, an early sign of vitamin A deficiency; prolonged deficiency can progress to dryness of the eye and permanent blindness.
- Goitre
- Enlargement of the thyroid gland in the neck caused by insufficient iodine; prevented by using iodised salt and eating seafood where available.
- Anaemia
- A condition of low haemoglobin or fewer red blood cells, commonly from iron deficiency; signs include pallor, fatigue, and breathlessness on exertion.
- Rickets
- Bone deformity in children from vitamin D deficiency, causing soft, bowed legs and delayed closure of the skull; sunlight exposure helps prevent it.
- Pasteurisation
- Controlled heating of milk to about 63 degrees C for 30 minutes or 72 degrees C for 15 seconds to destroy disease-causing bacteria while retaining nutrients.
- Food preservation principles
- Methods such as drying, salting, sugaring, pickling, canning, and refrigeration work by removing moisture, lowering temperature, or raising acidity to stop microbial growth.
- Weaning foods
- Semi-solid foods introduced after six months alongside breast milk; examples include mashed dal-rice, khichdi, and fruit pulp, given gradually to build tolerance.
- Meal planning
- Deciding what to cook and serve by matching nutrient needs, family budget, season, food availability, and preferences while avoiding monotony and waste.
- Recommended dietary allowances
- Nutrient intake levels set for groups by age, sex, and physiological state such as pregnancy or lactation, used to plan diets and assess adequacy.
- Cotton fibre properties
- A natural cellulose fibre that is absorbent, breathable, strong when wet, and takes dye well; it wrinkles easily and shrinks unless preshrunk.
- Wool fibre properties
- A natural protein fibre with good warmth, elasticity, and moisture absorption; it felts on agitation in hot water and is attacked by moths.
- Silk fibre properties
- A natural protein filament produced by silkworms, valued for lustre, drape, and strength; it needs gentle washing and protection from strong sunlight.
- Burn test for fibres
- A fibre identification test: cotton smells of burning paper and leaves soft ash, wool smells of burnt hair and leaves a crushable bead, synthetics melt and bead hard.
- Yarn count
- A number expressing yarn fineness; finer yarns have a higher count and produce lighter, smoother fabric, while coarser yarns give heavier, stronger cloth.
- Plain weave
- The simplest weave where each warp thread passes alternately over and under each weft thread, giving a firm, strong fabric such as muslin or poplin.
- Twill weave
- A weave producing diagonal lines on the fabric surface because weft threads pass over two or more warp threads in a stepped pattern; denim is an example.
- Stain removal rule
- Treat a stain as soon as possible, work from the outer edge inward, blot rather than rub, and use cold water for protein stains such as blood or egg.
- Colour fastness
- The resistance of a dyed fabric to fading or bleeding during washing, rubbing, or sunlight; poor fastness shows as colour running into wash water.
- First aid for burns
- Cool the burn under running water for about ten to twenty minutes, remove tight items, cover with a clean non-stick dressing, and never apply oil or toothpaste.
- Oral rehydration solution
- A mixture of water, salt, and sugar given in small frequent sips to replace fluid lost in diarrhoea; correct preparation of the packet is essential.
- Growth chart
- A graph plotting a child's weight or height against age to compare with reference values; a flattening line signals faltering growth needing attention.
- Family life cycle
- The stages a family passes through, from newly married to child-rearing to launching children and later years, each with different needs and resource demands.
- Time and energy management
- Planning household tasks by priority, combining similar jobs, and using labour-saving tools to reduce fatigue and free time for rest and income work.
- Consumer rights
- Entitlements such as safety, information, choice, being heard, and redressal; a consumer can approach a consumer forum and should keep the bill as proof.
- Food adulteration test
- Simple home checks: starch in milk detected by iodine turning blue, chalk in flour by fizzing with acid, and excess water in milk by a lactometer reading.
- Kitchen hygiene rule
- Wash hands and utensils with soap before handling food, keep raw and cooked foods separate, cover stored food, and refrigerate leftovers within two hours.
- Practical file record
- A written account of each practical stating aim, materials, method, observation, and conclusion, signed and dated, forming part of internal assessment.
- Viva preparation
- Explaining the purpose and result of each practical in your own words, including why a control or specific ingredient and method were used.