Punjab PSEB Senior Secondary NSQF Apparel Made-Ups and Home Furnishing flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Moisture regain

The percentage of moisture a dry textile fibre absorbs from standard atmosphere, expressed as a percentage of its dry weight; cotton is about 8.5 percent, polyester under 1 percent.

Tex yarn count

A direct yarn numbering system giving the weight in grams of 1000 metres of yarn; a higher tex number means a thicker yarn.

Plain weave

The simplest woven structure where each warp yarn alternately passes over and under each weft yarn, giving a firm, flat fabric such as poplin or calico.

Fabric GSM

Grams per square metre, a measure of fabric weight and density; it indicates thickness and helps match fabric to end use such as shirting or upholstery.

Pattern block

A basic fitted pattern with no design features or seam allowance, drafted to body measurements, from which working patterns for styles are developed.

Dart manipulation

Moving a dart from one position to another around a pivot point without altering the garment fit, used to create design lines or extra fullness.

Grain line

A marked arrow on a pattern showing the direction of the lengthwise warp yarns; it must be parallel to the centre front or back for correct drape.

Grading

The systematic process of increasing or decreasing pattern dimensions by fixed increments from a base size to produce a full range of garment sizes.

Seam allowance

The extra fabric beyond the stitching line, typically one centimetre or five-eighths of an inch, that allows the seam to be joined and finished.

Lockstitch 301

A stitch formed by two threads, needle and bobbin, interlocking inside the fabric; it is strong and non-ravelling but has limited stretch.

French seam

An enclosed seam made by sewing the wrong sides together, trimming, then sewing the right sides together, hiding all raw edges on lightweight fabrics.

Flat fell seam

A strong seam where one raw edge is folded over the other and double stitched flat, commonly used on denim jeans and workwear for durability.

Overlock stitch 504

A four-thread stitch using two needles and two loopers that joins, edges and trims fabric in one operation, giving stretch and preventing ravelling.

Stitch density

The number of stitches per inch or centimetre along a seam; too few cause weak seams, too many cause puckering and thread breakage.

Seam puckering

Wrinkling along a stitched seam caused by incorrect thread tension, differential feed, needle heat, or mismatched shrinkage of thread and fabric.

Marker making

Arranging pattern pieces on paper or fabric efficiently to minimise waste; marker efficiency is the ratio of pattern area to marker area.

SAM

Standard allowed minute, the time a trained operator needs to complete a defined task at normal performance, used for line balancing and costing.

AQL

Acceptable quality level, the maximum percentage of defective units considered satisfactory in sampling inspection, commonly 2.5 for major defects.

Four-point system

A fabric inspection method assigning one to four penalty points per defect according to its length, with acceptance based on points per 100 square yards.

Critical defect

A defect that could cause injury or make the product unsafe, such as a broken needle or sharp object in a garment, requiring rejection of the unit.

Curtain fullness ratio

The ratio of curtain fabric width to the rod or track width; typically 1.5 to 2 times for pleated curtains and more for sheer fabrics.

Terry towel

A woven cotton fabric with uncut loops on both faces that increase surface area and absorbency; quality is often expressed in grams per square metre.

Quilting

Joining a top fabric, a batting layer and a backing by stitching in patterns to create padding, warmth and decorative texture for bedcovers.

Bed sheet sizing

Mattress dimensions plus drop, tuck allowance and hem allowance determine flat sheet size; shrinkage allowance must be added before cutting.

Prime cost

The sum of direct material, direct labour and direct expenses incurred in making a product, before factory and administrative overheads are added.

Break-even quantity

The number of units that must be sold for total revenue to equal total cost, calculated as fixed cost divided by contribution per unit.

FOB price

Free on board price covering goods and delivery to the named port of shipment; the buyer pays freight, insurance and import duties.

Fabric consumption

The length of fabric required per garment, found from marker length and width divided by garment area, plus cutting wastage allowance.

Needle guard

A safety device fitted around the sewing machine needle area that prevents fingers from being pierced during high-speed stitching operations.

Waste hierarchy

The order of waste management preference: reduce, reuse, recycle, recover energy, then dispose, applied to fabric trimmings and packaging.

Seven Cs of communication

Clear, concise, concrete, correct, coherent, complete and courteous, the criteria used to judge whether a business message is effective.

STAR method

An interview answer structure describing the Situation, Task, Action taken and Result achieved, used to give evidence of skills with concrete examples.