Punjab PSEB Sr. Sec. NSQF Construction (Painter & Decorator) key terms

Clothing and gear such as gloves, goggles, respirator, helmet and safety shoes worn to protect a worker from paint mist, solvents, dust and falling objects on site.

A document supplied by the paint or chemical manufacturer listing the product's hazards, safe handling methods, first-aid steps, storage requirements and the protective equipment needed.

Solvent vapours released from paints, thinners and adhesives that pollute indoor air and can cause headache, dizziness or long-term health damage when ventilation is poor.

Risk from old paints containing lead, which release toxic dust when sanded or burnt; removal needs wet methods, respirators and safe disposal of the debris.

A body belt and lanyard system worn by a painter working at height, anchored to a strong point so a fall is arrested before the worker reaches the ground.

A portable ladder with sliding sections used to reach moderate heights; it must be set at roughly a 4:1 angle, footed or tied, and extend about one metre above the landing.

A temporary working platform of tubes, boards and couplers erected so painters can reach high walls safely; it needs guardrails, toe boards and inspection before use.

A flat, flexible steel blade with a handle used to apply and smooth putty or filler into cracks and dents before the surface is sanded level.

A number showing how coarse an abrasive paper is; low numbers cut fast for stripping old coatings, while high numbers give a smooth finish before the final coat.

A spray unit that forces paint through a small tip at very high pressure without air, giving fast coverage on large surfaces; tip size and pressure must match the paint.

The sleeve fitted on a paint roller frame; short pile suits smooth walls, medium pile suits normal plaster and long pile suits rough or textured surfaces.

All cleaning and repair work done on a substrate before painting, including dust removal, sanding, patch filling and priming, so the coating bonds firmly.

Sealing resinous knots in new wood with shellac or a knotting solution so resin does not bleed through and discolour the paint film.

A white powdery salt deposit on plaster or masonry caused by moisture bringing salts to the surface; it must be brushed off and the damp source cured before painting.

Removing oil, grease and wax from a surface with a solvent or detergent so primer and paint can stick instead of crawling, blistering or peeling.

The first coat applied to a prepared surface; it seals the substrate, improves adhesion and gives a uniform base for undercoats and finish coats.

The resin or oil in a paint that forms the continuous film holding pigment particles together and sticking them to the surface after drying.

Fine solid particles in paint that provide colour, opacity and sometimes corrosion resistance; their amount and type affect hiding power and durability.

A liquid that dissolves or thins the binder so paint can be brushed or sprayed easily; it evaporates after application and affects drying time and finish.

A water-based paint in which resin droplets are dispersed in water; it dries quickly, has low odour and is commonly used on interior plaster and masonry.

A solvent-based paint that dries to a hard, glossy and washable film; it is used on wood and metal where a tough, smooth finish is needed.

The thickness or resistance to flow of a paint; it is adjusted with thinner so the paint brushes, rolls or sprays evenly without runs or drips.

Brushing a narrow, neat band of paint along edges, corners and ceiling lines before rolling the main area, so the finish stays sharp without masking tape.

The thickness of a paint coat measured immediately after application with a comb gauge; it predicts the dry film thickness once the solvent has evaporated.

The minimum interval a manufacturer specifies before a second coat can be applied; painting too early causes wrinkling, lifting or poor adhesion.

Downward runs or curtain-like folds in a paint film caused by over-thick application, too much thinner or spraying too close to the surface.

A bumpy, uneven paint texture resembling orange skin, usually caused by incorrect spray pressure, too thick paint or a nozzle held too far from the work.

A cut-out sheet of plastic or paper placed on a wall so paint applied through the openings repeats a design accurately across a surface.

A decorative coating applied with rollers, trowels or spray to give plaster a raised, patterned surface; it hides minor defects but is hard to clean.

A printed or plain paper or vinyl sheet pasted onto interior walls for decoration; hanging needs sized walls, a plumb starting line and careful matching of pattern repeats.

A calculated forecast of the quantity of paint, materials and labour hours a job will need, priced to give the customer a total cost before work begins.

The area that one litre of paint will cover in a single coat at the recommended film thickness, usually stated on the container in square metres per litre.

A small extra percentage added to calculated paint and material quantities to cover spillage, pot residue, touch-up and uneven or absorbent surfaces during the job.

An itemised list giving the description, unit and quantity of each work item in a painting job, used for tendering and for checking progress payments.

A written offer to a customer stating the scope of painting work, rate, total price, time needed and validity period, sent before the job is accepted.

A written instruction from the client or contractor authorising a specific painting job, listing the site, scope of work, dates and agreed payment terms.

A record of small defects such as missed patches, drips or uneven edges found during final inspection, which the painter must correct before handover.

A check in which a grid of cuts is made through the dry paint film and tape is pulled off to see whether the coating lifts from the substrate.

Bubbles or raised pockets in a paint film caused by moisture or solvent trapped under the coating, often from painting a damp or overheated surface.

An instrument that measures the water content of plaster, concrete or wood so a painter can confirm the substrate is dry enough before applying primer or paint.