PSEB SS Religion flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Ik Onkar
- The opening phrase of the Mool Mantar meaning 'There is one God'; it is the fundamental statement of Sikh belief in the oneness of the divine.
- Guru Nanak Dev Ji
- The founder of Sikhism and the first of the ten Sikh Gurus, born in 1469 in the Punjab; he taught the oneness of God and the equality of all people.
- Ten Sikh Gurus
- The line of ten human Gurus from Guru Nanak Dev Ji to Guru Gobind Singh Ji; after the tenth Guru, the Guru Granth Sahib is regarded as the eternal Guru.
- Khalsa
- The community of initiated Sikhs founded by Guru Gobind Singh Ji in 1699 at Anandpur Sahib; members take the surname Singh or Kaur and observe the five Ks.
- Panj Kakars
- The five Ks worn by initiated Sikhs: Kesh (uncut hair), Kangha (comb), Kara (steel bracelet), Kachhera (undergarment), and Kirpan (small sword).
- Three pillars of Sikhism
- Naam Japna (meditation on God's name), Kirat Karni (honest living), and Vand Chakna (sharing with others); these summarize the core Sikh ethical and spiritual duties.
- Gurudwara
- A Sikh place of worship where the Guru Granth Sahib is installed; services include reading of scripture, Kirtan, Ardas, and distribution of Karah Parshad.
- Ardas
- The formal Sikh prayer recited standing, often at the end of a service; it includes petitions for the well-being of all humanity and concludes with 'Sarbat da Bhala'.
- Guru Granth Sahib
- The holy scripture of Sikhism and the eternal Guru; it contains hymns by the Sikh Gurus and saints, is written in Gurmukhi, and has 1,430 pages.
- Mool Mantar
- The opening composition of the Guru Granth Sahib that summarizes Sikh belief in one formless God; it begins with 'Ik Onkar' and describes God's attributes.
- Japji Sahib
- A composition by Guru Nanak Dev Ji that opens the Guru Granth Sahib; it is recited daily by Sikhs and explains the nature of God and the path to union with God.
- Gurmukhi script
- The script in which the Guru Granth Sahib is written; it was standardized by Guru Angad Dev Ji, the second Sikh Guru, and is used for the Punjabi language.
- Raag in Guru Granth Sahib
- A musical measure or mode used to organize the hymns of the Guru Granth Sahib; hymns are arranged according to the raag in which they are sung.
- Dasam Granth
- A separate collection of writings traditionally attributed to Guru Gobind Singh Ji; it is revered by Sikhs but is not part of the Guru Granth Sahib.
- Adi Granth
- The earlier compilation of Sikh scripture prepared by Guru Arjan Dev Ji in 1604; it formed the basis of the present-day Guru Granth Sahib.
- Bhai Gurdas
- A revered Sikh scholar and scribe who recorded the Adi Granth under Guru Arjan Dev Ji; his Vars are highly respected but not included in the Guru Granth Sahib.
- Guru Angad Dev Ji
- The second Sikh Guru, who standardized the Gurmukhi script and collected the hymns of Guru Nanak Dev Ji for preservation.
- Guru Amar Das Ji
- The third Sikh Guru, who established the Langar system, opposed the caste system, and spoke against the practice of Sati.
- Guru Arjan Dev Ji
- The fifth Sikh Guru, who compiled the Adi Granth and built the Harmandir Sahib; he was the first Sikh martyr, executed in 1606.
- Guru Hargobind Ji
- The sixth Sikh Guru, who introduced the concept of Miri-Piri (temporal and spiritual authority) and built the Akal Takht in Amritsar.
- Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji
- The ninth Sikh Guru, executed in Delhi in 1675 for defending the religious freedom of Kashmiri Pandits; he is remembered as a martyr for freedom of conscience.
- Guru Gobind Singh Ji
- The tenth Sikh Guru, who founded the Khalsa in 1699 and declared the Guru Granth Sahib as the eternal Guru after him.
- Harmandir Sahib
- The central Sikh place of worship in Amritsar, also known as the Golden Temple; it was built under Guru Arjan Dev Ji and has four entrances symbolizing openness to all.
- Akal Takht
- The highest seat of temporal authority for Sikhs, located in Amritsar opposite the Harmandir Sahib; it was built by Guru Hargobind Ji.
- Miri-Piri
- The Sikh concept of balancing temporal (Miri) and spiritual (Piri) authority, introduced by Guru Hargobind Ji to combine worldly and spiritual responsibilities.
- Seva
- Selfless service in Sikhism, performed in three forms: Tan (physical), Man (mental), and Dhan (material); it is a core ethical duty.
- Langar
- The community kitchen in a Gurudwara where free food is served to all people regardless of caste, religion, or gender, expressing the principle of equality.
- Kirat Karni
- The Sikh principle of earning a livelihood through honest labor and rejecting exploitation, bribery, and dishonest gain.
- Vand Chakna
- The Sikh principle of sharing one's earnings and resources with others, especially the needy, as an expression of selfless service.
- Naam Japna
- The Sikh practice of meditating on and remembering God's name; it is one of the three pillars of Sikhism alongside honest living and sharing.
- Sikh Rehat Maryada
- The Sikh code of conduct outlining moral duties, daily prayer, honest living, and prohibitions such as intoxicants, theft, and adultery.
- Sarbat da Bhala
- A phrase meaning 'well-being of all humanity', included in the Ardas; it expresses the Sikh ethical commitment to the welfare of all people.