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PSEB SS Religion practice questions

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Question 1Sikh Religious Studies

Who founded the Sikh faith and became its first Guru?

  1. Guru Amar Das Ji
  2. Guru Gobind Singh Ji
  3. Guru Angad Dev Ji
  4. Guru Nanak Dev Ji Correct answer.

Explanation

Guru Nanak Dev Ji (1469–1539) is regarded as the founder of the Sikh faith and its first Guru. He taught the oneness of God and the equality of all people, and his compositions open the Guru Granth Sahib.

Question 2Sikh Religious Studies

In which city did Guru Nanak Dev Ji spend the later part of his life and establish the first Sikh community?

  1. Kartarpur Correct answer.
  2. Amritsar
  3. Anandpur Sahib
  4. Patna Sahib

Explanation

Guru Nanak settled at Kartarpur on the banks of the Ravi, where he farmed, taught, and gathered a community of followers. This settlement is often described as the beginning of the organised Sikh panth.

Question 3Sikh Religious Studies

Which Sikh Guru is credited with standardising and popularising the Gurmukhi script?

  1. Guru Arjan Dev Ji
  2. Guru Hargobind Ji
  3. Guru Angad Dev Ji Correct answer.
  4. Guru Nanak Dev Ji

Explanation

Guru Angad Dev Ji, the second Guru, is credited with refining and spreading the Gurmukhi script so that the Guru's hymns could be written and read by ordinary people. Gurmukhi later became the standard script of the Guru Granth Sahib.

Question 4Sikh Religious Studies

What is the name of the community kitchen associated with Sikh gurdwaras where free meals are served to all visitors?

  1. Panth
  2. Sangat
  3. Langar Correct answer.
  4. Darbar Sahib

Explanation

Langar is the free community kitchen in which all visitors, regardless of caste, creed, or gender, sit together and share a meal. It expresses the Sikh principles of equality and selfless service (seva).

Question 5Sikh Religious Studies

How many Gurus are recognised in mainstream Sikh tradition, from Guru Nanak Dev Ji to Guru Gobind Singh Ji?

  1. Ten Correct answer.
  2. Eleven
  3. Nine
  4. Twelve

Explanation

Sikh tradition recognises ten human Gurus, beginning with Guru Nanak Dev Ji and ending with Guru Gobind Singh Ji. After the tenth Guru, the Guru Granth Sahib is revered as the eternal Guru.

Question 6Sikh Religious Studies

Which composition of Guru Gobind Singh Ji is traditionally recited daily by initiated Sikhs as part of their discipline?

  1. Jaap Sahib Correct answer.
  2. Asa di Var
  3. Sukhmani Sahib
  4. Japji Sahib

Explanation

Jaap Sahib is a composition of Guru Gobind Singh Ji and forms part of the daily discipline (nitnem) of initiated Sikhs. It consists largely of hymns praising the many attributes of the timeless, formless God.

Question 7Sikh Religious Studies

What does the term 'Gurdwara' literally mean?

  1. Hall of the congregation
  2. Place of prayer
  3. House of the Khalsa
  4. Doorway to the Guru Correct answer.

Explanation

Gurdwara is composed of 'gur' (Guru) and 'dwara' (door or gateway), meaning the doorway or house of the Guru. The name reflects the belief that the Guru is present in the congregation and in the Guru Granth Sahib.

Question 8Sikh Religious Studies

Which Sikh Guru was the first to be born into a Sikh family rather than being appointed from outside the Guru's household?

  1. Guru Hargobind Ji
  2. Guru Arjan Dev Ji Correct answer.
  3. Guru Ram Das Ji
  4. Guru Har Rai Ji

Explanation

Guru Arjan Dev Ji was the son of Guru Ram Das Ji and thus the first Guru born into a Sikh family. Earlier Gurus were chosen from outside the immediate family line, though all were linked through devotion and merit.

Question 9Sikh Religious Studies

What is the name of the ceremony in which a Sikh formally joins the Khalsa?

  1. Amrit Sanskar Correct answer.
  2. Naam Karan
  3. Akhand Path
  4. Anand Karaj

Explanation

Amrit Sanskar, also called the Khalsa initiation ceremony, is the rite in which a Sikh takes amrit and commits to the Khalsa discipline. It involves the five beloved ones (Panj Pyare) and the recitation of prescribed prayers.

Question 10Sikh Religious Studies

In which year did Guru Gobind Singh Ji establish the Khalsa at Anandpur Sahib?

  1. 1708
  2. 1666
  3. 1699 Correct answer.
  4. 1739

Explanation

The Khalsa was founded at the Baisakhi gathering of 1699 at Anandpur Sahib. Guru Gobind Singh Ji administered amrit to the first five beloved ones and then received it from them, establishing the collective nature of the order.

Question 11Sikh Religious Studies

What are the 'Panj Pyare' in Sikh tradition?

  1. The five daily prayers of the nitnem
  2. The five beloved ones who first received amrit Correct answer.
  3. The five Ks worn by initiated Sikhs
  4. The five takhts of the Sikh panth

Explanation

The Panj Pyare are the five beloved ones who volunteered their heads to Guru Gobind Singh Ji and were the first to receive amrit. They became the founding members of the Khalsa and exemplify devotion and equality.

Question 12Sikh Religious Studies

Which of the five Ks is a steel bracelet worn by initiated Sikhs?

  1. Kirpan
  2. Kara Correct answer.
  3. Kesh
  4. Kanga

Explanation

The kara is a steel or iron bracelet worn on the wrist. It symbolises restraint, the unbroken circle of the timeless God, and a reminder to act righteously.

Question 13Sikh Religious Studies

What is the name of the continuous, uninterrupted reading of the entire Guru Granth Sahib, usually completed over about 48 hours?

  1. Sadharan Path
  2. Akhand Path Correct answer.
  3. Sehaj Path
  4. Nitnem

Explanation

Akhand Path is the continuous reading of the Guru Granth Sahib from beginning to end without a break, typically taking around 48 hours. It is performed on important occasions and is a form of collective devotion.

Question 14Sikh Religious Studies

Guru Arjan Dev Ji compiled the Adi Granth, the precursor of the Guru Granth Sahib. What is the name of the collection of hymns by non-Sikh saints included in it?

  1. Dasam Granth
  2. Vaaran
  3. Bhagat Bani Correct answer.
  4. Sabad

Explanation

Bhagat Bani refers to the hymns of saints such as Kabir, Ravidas, and Namdev that were included in the Adi Granth. Their inclusion shows that Sikh scripture recognises spiritual wisdom beyond the Sikh Gurus themselves.

Question 15Sikh Religious Studies

Which Sikh Guru is known as 'Hind di Chadar' (the shield of India) for sacrificing his life to protect religious freedom?

  1. Guru Har Krishan Ji
  2. Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji Correct answer.
  3. Guru Arjan Dev Ji
  4. Guru Hargobind Ji

Explanation

Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji is called Hind di Chadar because he gave his life in Delhi rather than accept the forced conversion of Kashmiri Pandits. His sacrifice is remembered as a defence of the freedom of conscience for all faiths.

Question 16Sikh Religious Studies

What is the Sikh concept of 'miri-piri' most closely associated with?

  1. The rejection of all political involvement
  2. The performance of pilgrimage to holy sites
  3. The practice of silent meditation only
  4. The union of spiritual and temporal authority Correct answer.

Explanation

Miri-piri denotes the inseparability of spiritual and temporal authority in Sikh thought, introduced by Guru Hargobind Ji with the two swords. It teaches that religious life includes responsibility for justice in the world.

Question 17Sikh Religious Studies

Where is the Akal Takht, the foremost seat of Sikh temporal authority, located?

  1. Amritsar Correct answer.
  2. Patna Sahib
  3. Nanded
  4. Anandpur Sahib

Explanation

The Akal Takht stands in the Golden Temple complex at Amritsar, facing the Harmandir Sahib. It was established by Guru Hargobind Ji and represents the temporal authority of the Sikh panth.

Question 18Sikh Religious Studies

Which of the following is one of the five takhts of Sikhism?

  1. Kartarpur Sahib
  2. Nankana Sahib
  3. Keshgarh Sahib Correct answer.
  4. Darbar Sahib Kartarpur

Explanation

Keshgarh Sahib at Anandpur Sahib is one of the five takhts and is traditionally regarded as the birthplace of the Khalsa. The other four are the Akal Takht, Damdama Sahib, Patna Sahib, and Hazur Sahib.

Question 19Sikh Religious Studies

In Sikh ethics, what does the term 'seva' refer to?

  1. Selfless service performed without expectation of reward Correct answer.
  2. The practice of fasting on holy days
  3. The ritual offering of money to the Guru
  4. The study of scripture for personal advancement

Explanation

Seva means selfless service, performed for the welfare of others without seeking reward or recognition. It is closely linked with langar and with the Sikh teaching that service purifies the ego.

Question 20Sikh Religious Studies

What is the name of the Sikh naming ceremony in which the child's name is chosen from the Guru Granth Sahib?

  1. Amrit Sanskar
  2. Naam Karan Correct answer.
  3. Anand Karaj
  4. Antam Sanskar

Explanation

Naam Karan is the naming ceremony, during which the Guru Granth Sahib is opened at random and the child's name is derived from the first letter of the hymn on that page. The ceremony welcomes the child into the Sikh community.

Question 21Sikh Religious Studies

According to Sikh teaching, which of the following best describes the nature of God (Waheguru)?

  1. A personal deity confined to a particular place
  2. A formless, timeless, and all-pervading reality Correct answer.
  3. A being who rewards only through ritual offerings
  4. One of many equal gods in a pantheon

Explanation

Sikh teaching affirms one God who is formless (nirankar), timeless (akal), and present everywhere. The Mul Mantar, the opening of the Guru Granth Sahib, expresses this understanding of the divine.

Question 22Sikh Religious Studies

Which of the following best explains why the Guru Granth Sahib is treated as the eternal Guru rather than merely a holy book?

  1. It is the only scripture written in the Gurmukhi script
  2. It contains the writings of all ten Gurus and is read at every gurdwara
  3. It was compiled by Guru Arjan Dev Ji and installed at Amritsar
  4. Guru Gobind Singh Ji declared it the Guru before his passing in 1708 Correct answer.

Explanation

Before his death at Nanded in 1708, Guru Gobind Singh Ji declared the Guru Granth Sahib to be the eternal Guru of the Sikhs. This transfer of Guruship means Sikhs treat the scripture as a living authority, not merely a text.

Question 23Sikh Religious Studies

A Sikh argues that the Khalsa's founding in 1699 marked a break from Guru Nanak's original message. Which reasoning best reflects mainstream Sikh understanding?

  1. The Khalsa abolished the langar as no longer necessary
  2. The Khalsa introduced a new scripture that superseded Guru Nanak's hymns
  3. The Khalsa replaced the line of human Gurus with a political council
  4. The Khalsa formalised a discipline of service, equality, and justice already present in Guru Nanak's teaching Correct answer.

Explanation

Mainstream Sikh understanding sees the Khalsa as the institutional form of principles taught from Guru Nanak onward, such as equality, seva, and resistance to injustice. The initiation rite formalised commitment rather than inventing a new faith.

Question 24Sikh Religious Studies

During the eighteenth century, the Sikh community organised itself into bands known as misls, which later consolidated under Ranjit Singh. What does this history illustrate about Sikh political organisation?

  1. That the Khalsa was dissolved after the death of Guru Gobind Singh Ji
  2. That Sikhs rejected any form of centralised leadership
  3. That decentralised military and social units could unite for common defence Correct answer.
  4. That Sikhs abandoned their religious practices during this period

Explanation

The misl system shows how decentralised Sikh bands could cooperate for defence and governance before Ranjit Singh consolidated them. It reflects both the resilience of the panth under persecution and its capacity for collective organisation.

Question 25Sikh Religious Studies

A student claims that because Sikhism rejects caste, the Sikh community has never experienced caste-based discrimination. Which response is most accurate?

  1. Sikh teaching rejects caste, yet social practice in some communities has not always matched this ideal Correct answer.
  2. Sikh scripture explicitly permits caste distinctions in marriage
  3. Caste discrimination is required by the Rahit Maryada
  4. The Gurus endorsed caste but abolished untouchability

Explanation

Sikh Gurus consistently rejected caste, and the langar and sangat embody equality. However, social practice in some Sikh communities has at times retained caste-linked customs, showing a gap between ideal and practice.

Question 26Sikh Religious Studies

Which Sikh Guru founded the city of Amritsar and began the excavation of the sacred pool that surrounds the Golden Temple?

  1. Guru Amar Das Ji
  2. Guru Ram Das Ji Correct answer.
  3. Guru Arjan Dev Ji
  4. Guru Hargobind Ji

Explanation

Guru Ram Das Ji, the fourth Guru, founded the city of Amritsar and initiated the excavation of the pool that later became the Harmandir Sahib complex. Guru Arjan Dev Ji completed the pool and built the Harmandir Sahib within it.

Question 27Sikh Religious Studies

In Sikh terminology, what does 'Gurbani' refer to?

  1. The martial exercises taught at the akhara
  2. The revealed utterances of the Gurus preserved in scripture Correct answer.
  3. The code of conduct followed by initiated Sikhs
  4. The congregational meal served after worship

Explanation

Gurbani literally means the Guru's word or utterance and denotes the revealed compositions of the Gurus and Bhagats recorded in the Guru Granth Sahib. It is distinguished from later writings and from institutional practices such as the rahit or langar.

Question 28Sikh Religious Studies

Which Sikh Guru first compiled the Adi Granth in 1604 and installed it in the Harmandir Sahib?

  1. Guru Nanak Dev Ji
  2. Guru Gobind Singh Ji
  3. Guru Arjan Dev Ji Correct answer.
  4. Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji

Explanation

Guru Arjan Dev Ji, the fifth Guru, compiled the first recension of the Adi Granth in 1604 and installed it at the Harmandir Sahib. This collection became the foundation of the scripture later conferred Guruship by Guru Gobind Singh Ji.

Question 29Sikh Religious Studies

What is the name of the Sikh congregational prayer performed while standing, which concludes with a prayer for the welfare of all humanity?

  1. Rehras Sahib
  2. Ardas Correct answer.
  3. Japji Sahib
  4. Kirtan Sohila

Explanation

Ardas is the formal standing prayer recited at the conclusion of Sikh services and at significant moments, ending with the petition for sarbat da bhala, the well-being of all. It is distinct from the daily scriptural readings.

Question 30Sikh Religious Studies

Which of the five Ks is a wooden comb worn in the hair?

  1. Kanga Correct answer.
  2. Kara
  3. Kachhera
  4. Kirpan

Explanation

The kanga is the wooden comb kept in the hair, symbolising cleanliness and order. It is one of the five outward articles prescribed for initiated Sikhs.

Question 31Sikh Religious Studies

Which Sikh Guru is associated with the founding of the town of Kartarpur on the banks of the Ravi, where he settled and farmed with his followers?

  1. Guru Ram Das Ji
  2. Guru Angad Dev Ji
  3. Guru Amar Das Ji
  4. Guru Nanak Dev Ji Correct answer.

Explanation

Guru Nanak Dev Ji founded Kartarpur in his later years, establishing the pattern of a settled community combining worship, honest labour and sharing. There he lived as a farmer with his family and disciples.

Question 32Sikh Religious Studies

In Sikh teaching, what does the concept of 'hukam' refer to?

  1. The practice of ritual bathing at sacred tanks
  2. The divine order or command that governs all creation Correct answer.
  3. The recitation of scripture for the deceased
  4. The ceremonial greeting exchanged between Sikhs

Explanation

Hukam denotes the sovereign order or command of the divine will, which sustains and governs the universe. Sikh teaching urges acceptance of hukam as the path to inner peace.

Question 33Sikh Religious Studies

What is the name of the Sikh ceremony marking the formal initiation of a child into the Sikh faith, often performed alongside the naming ceremony?

  1. Amrit Sanchar Correct answer.
  2. Akhand Path
  3. Antam Sanskar
  4. Anand Karaj

Explanation

Amrit Sanchar is the initiation ceremony in which a Sikh partakes of amrit prepared by five initiated Sikhs. For children it is often administered together with the naming ceremony.

Question 34Sikh Religious Studies

Which Sikh Guru established the Manji system of appointed preachers to spread the Guru's message across distant regions?

  1. Guru Nanak Dev Ji
  2. Guru Amar Das Ji Correct answer.
  3. Guru Hargobind Ji
  4. Guru Gobind Singh Ji

Explanation

Guru Amar Das Ji organised the growing community by appointing manjis, regional preachers who carried the Guru's teachings and collected offerings. This institutional step strengthened cohesion across a wide area.

Question 35Sikh Religious Studies

Which composition of Guru Gobind Singh Ji presents the autobiographical account of his mission and the battles of his time?

  1. Japji Sahib
  2. Sukhmani Sahib
  3. Siddh Gosht
  4. Bachitra Natak Correct answer.

Explanation

Bachitra Natak, part of the Dasam Granth, contains Guru Gobind Singh Ji's autobiographical narrative, including his lineage and his account of the mission for which he was sent. It is a distinctive first-person composition in Sikh literature.

Question 36Sikh Religious Studies

What is the name of the Sikh practice of sharing a meal in the community kitchen attached to a gurdwara?

  1. Pangat
  2. Seva
  3. Langar Correct answer.
  4. Sangat

Explanation

Langar is the free community meal prepared and eaten together regardless of caste, religion or status. The practice of eating together is pangat, while langar refers specifically to the food and its service.

Question 37Sikh Religious Studies

Which Sikh Guru was executed in Delhi in 1675 after refusing to accept the forced conversion of Kashmiri Pandits?

  1. Guru Harkrishan Ji
  2. Guru Har Rai Ji
  3. Guru Hargobind Ji
  4. Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji Correct answer.

Explanation

Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji, the ninth Guru, was executed in Delhi in 1675 after standing against the forced conversion of Kashmiri Pandits. His sacrifice is remembered as a defence of religious freedom for people of all faiths.

Question 38Sikh Religious Studies

Which Sikh Guru composed the Sukhmani Sahib, a lengthy hymn known as the 'Pearl of Peace'?

  1. Guru Gobind Singh Ji
  2. Guru Nanak Dev Ji
  3. Guru Arjan Dev Ji Correct answer.
  4. Guru Amar Das Ji

Explanation

Sukhmani Sahib was composed by Guru Arjan Dev Ji and is included in the Guru Granth Sahib. It is widely recited for comfort and spiritual peace.

Question 39Sikh Religious Studies

What is the name of the Sikh rite performed at the end of life, in which the body is cremated and prayers are offered?

  1. Amrit Sanchar
  2. Anand Karaj
  3. Naam Karan
  4. Antam Sanskar Correct answer.

Explanation

Antam Sanskar denotes the final rites, comprising cremation and the offering of prayers for the departed. The community also reads scripture to comfort the bereaved family.

Question 40Sikh Religious Studies

In Sikh thought, what is the significance of the term 'Sach Khand'?

  1. The code of conduct for the Khalsa
  2. The earthly court of the Guru at Amritsar
  3. The realm of truth, the highest spiritual plane described in the Japji Sahib Correct answer.
  4. The treasury of the Sikh community

Explanation

Sach Khand is the realm of truth, the highest of the five khands or planes described in Guru Nanak's Japji Sahib. It represents the ultimate spiritual state where the divine is realised.

Question 41Sikh Religious Studies

Which Sikh Guru introduced the practice of the Guru-ka-Langar being funded and organised from the Guru's own resources at Goindwal?

  1. Guru Amar Das Ji Correct answer.
  2. Guru Arjan Dev Ji
  3. Guru Nanak Dev Ji
  4. Guru Hargobind Ji

Explanation

Guru Amar Das Ji is credited with formalising and expanding the langar at Goindwal, requiring visitors to eat in the community kitchen before meeting him. This institutionalised equality across caste lines.

Question 42Sikh Religious Studies

Which Sikh Guru was the first to be installed as Guru at the age of eleven, following the death of his father?

  1. Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji
  2. Guru Gobind Singh Ji
  3. Guru Har Rai Ji
  4. Guru Harkrishan Ji Correct answer.

Explanation

Guru Harkrishan Ji, son of Guru Har Rai Ji, became Guru at the age of five and died at Delhi at the age of eight. His brief Guruship is remembered for his precocious wisdom and service during an epidemic.

Question 43Sikh Religious Studies

What is the name of the Sikh ceremony in which a newborn is given a name chosen by opening the Guru Granth Sahib at random?

  1. Amrit Sanchar
  2. Naam Karan Correct answer.
  3. Antam Sanskar
  4. Anand Karaj

Explanation

Naam Karan is the naming ceremony in which the scripture is opened at random and the first letter of the verse determines the child's name. The ceremony is usually performed in a gurdwara in the presence of the congregation.

Question 44Sikh Religious Studies

Which of the following best explains why the Guru Granth Sahib is described as the 'Shabad Guru'?

  1. It is recited only on ceremonial occasions by appointed priests
  2. It embodies the divine word through which the Guru's authority and teaching are transmitted Correct answer.
  3. It replaces the need for a community of believers
  4. It is treated as a historical chronicle of the Sikh Gurus' lives

Explanation

The Guru Granth Sahib is called the Shabad Guru because its authority rests in the revealed word, or shabad, rather than in a living person. Sikhs treat the scripture as the eternal Guru whose teaching guides the community.

Question 45Sikh Religious Studies

A Sikh explains that the Khalsa was founded in 1699 to defend the weak rather than to abandon Guru Nanak's teaching. Which reasoning best supports this claim?

  1. The Khalsa continued the emphasis on divine unity and social equality while adding an organised commitment to protect the oppressed Correct answer.
  2. The Khalsa removed the practice of langar in order to focus on armed struggle
  3. The Khalsa rejected the earlier Gurus' hymns and replaced them with a new scripture
  4. The Khalsa abolished the institution of the sangat and replaced it with a military command

Explanation

The Khalsa institutionalised the protection of the weak while preserving Guru Nanak's core teaching of divine unity and equality. The martial dimension is understood as an extension of, not a break from, the earlier message.

Question 46Sikh Religious Studies

In Sikh ethics, what does the term 'kirat karni' refer to?

  1. The recitation of the Japji Sahib at dawn
  2. The pilgrimage to the five takhts
  3. Earning a living through honest labour Correct answer.
  4. The ritual offering of food to the Guru

Explanation

Kirat karni means honest labour, one of the three pillars of Sikh practice alongside naam japna and vand chhakna. It affirms that a Sikh should earn a livelihood through legitimate means rather than through exploitation.

Question 47Sikh Religious Studies

Which Sikh Guru's hymns form the Anand Sahib, recited at the conclusion of Sikh services and at marriages?

  1. Guru Amar Das Ji Correct answer.
  2. Guru Gobind Singh Ji
  3. Guru Arjan Dev Ji
  4. Guru Nanak Dev Ji

Explanation

The Anand Sahib was composed by Guru Amar Das Ji and expresses spiritual bliss and joy. It is recited at the end of Sikh worship and is central to the marriage ceremony.

Question 48Sikh Religious Studies

A student claims that the Sikh misls of the eighteenth century were simply bandit groups with no political structure. Which reasoning best challenges this view?

  1. The misls were purely religious orders with no military or territorial role
  2. The misls were disbanded immediately after their formation and had no lasting influence
  3. The misls maintained councils, territorial jurisdictions and a shared assembly at the Akal Takht, functioning as a confederacy Correct answer.
  4. The misls were formally appointed by the Mughal emperor to collect revenue on his behalf

Explanation

The misls operated as a confederacy with recognised territories, councils such as the Sarbat Khalsa, and decisions taken at the Akal Takht. This structure later enabled Ranjit Singh's consolidation of a unified Sikh state.

Question 49Sikh Religious Studies

Which text is traditionally regarded as the authorised recension of the Guru Granth Sahib prepared by Guru Gobind Singh Ji at Damdama Sahib?

  1. The Goindwal pothi
  2. The Damdama Sahib bir Correct answer.
  3. The Kartarpur bir
  4. The Amritsar pothi

Explanation

The Damdama Sahib bir is the recension traditionally attributed to Guru Gobind Singh Ji, prepared at Damdama Sahib with the addition of the hymns of Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji. It is regarded as the authoritative text of the scripture.

Question 50Sikh Religious Studies

In Sikh theology, what does the term 'Waheguru' most precisely express?

  1. A term for the congregation assembled for worship
  2. A designation for the initiated members of the Khalsa
  3. A title reserved for the ten Gurus in succession
  4. An expression of wonder at the divine, used as a name for God in prayer and meditation Correct answer.

Explanation

Waheguru is understood as an expression of wonder at the divine and is used as a name of God in meditation and prayer. It is not a title for the Gurus, the congregation or the Khalsa.