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PSTET Paper 1 study materials
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PSTET Paper 1 practice questions

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Question 1Child Development and Pedagogy

According to Piaget's theory, a child who can classify objects by a single feature but cannot yet understand conservation is most likely in which stage?

  1. Sensorimotor stage
  2. Preoperational stage Correct answer.
  3. Concrete operational stage
  4. Formal operational stage

Explanation

In Piaget's preoperational stage (roughly 2 to 7 years), children begin to use symbols and classify by one feature but still fail conservation tasks because their thinking is centred on one perceptual dimension. Conservation and reversible operations appear only in the concrete operational stage.

Question 2Child Development and Pedagogy

Vygotsky's concept of the zone of proximal development is best described as the gap between what a learner can do independently and what the learner can do:

  1. after a long period of unsupervised practice
  2. with guidance from a more capable person Correct answer.
  3. by imitating peers without any support
  4. only after formal testing confirms readiness

Explanation

The ZPD refers to tasks a child cannot yet manage alone but can accomplish with scaffolding from a teacher or more knowledgeable peer. Instruction is considered most effective when it targets this zone rather than already-mastered skills.

Question 3Child Development and Pedagogy

Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral reasoning is characterised mainly by decisions based on:

  1. abstract principles of justice chosen autonomously
  2. obedience to authority and personal consequences Correct answer.
  3. social approval and maintaining group norms
  4. religious doctrine accepted without questioning

Explanation

At the preconventional level, moral judgments are guided by avoiding punishment and seeking rewards, that is, by external consequences to the self. Concern with social approval belongs to the conventional level, while self-chosen universal principles belong to the postconventional level.

Question 4Child Development and Pedagogy

Erikson's psychosocial stage most relevant to a primary school child aged about 7 to 11 years is:

  1. identity versus role confusion
  2. autonomy versus shame and doubt
  3. industry versus inferiority Correct answer.
  4. initiative versus guilt

Explanation

Erikson placed the primary school years in the industry versus inferiority stage, where children seek competence through schoolwork, skills and peer comparison. Success builds a sense of mastery, while repeated failure or ridicule can produce feelings of inadequacy.

Question 5Child Development and Pedagogy

A teacher notices that a Class 4 student can solve a problem alone one day but fails the same type of problem the next day when a peer group mocks her attempts. Which principle best explains this variation in performance?

  1. Learning is purely a matter of maturation and cannot be affected by others
  2. Intelligence is a single fixed quantity that does not change
  3. Performance is influenced by social and emotional conditions of learning Correct answer.
  4. Development proceeds in fixed, irreversible stages regardless of context

Explanation

Vygotskian and socio-emotional perspectives emphasise that learning is embedded in social settings; anxiety, peer pressure and emotional climate can depress performance even when the underlying competence exists. Fixed-stage or fixed-intelligence views cannot account for day-to-day variability.

Question 6Child Development and Pedagogy

A child who has just begun to understand that a ball of clay keeps the same amount even when its shape changes is demonstrating:

  1. object permanence
  2. cent ration
  3. egocentrism
  4. conservation Correct answer.

Explanation

Conservation is the understanding that quantity, mass or volume stays constant despite changes in appearance or arrangement. It is a hallmark achievement of the concrete operational stage, marking the shift away from centration on perceptual features.

Question 7Child Development and Pedagogy

According to Piaget, which process allows a child to incorporate new information into an existing mental schema without changing that schema?

  1. Assimilation Correct answer.
  2. Equilibration
  3. Accommodation
  4. Disequilibrium

Explanation

Assimilation occurs when new experiences are interpreted through existing cognitive structures, so the schema stays the same. Accommodation, by contrast, requires modifying the schema to fit discrepant information.

Question 8Child Development and Pedagogy

A teacher wants to apply Bruner's idea of a spiral curriculum in a primary classroom. Which action best reflects this idea?

  1. Revisiting key concepts in progressively more complex forms across grades Correct answer.
  2. Restricting instruction to concrete objects throughout primary school
  3. Assessing students only at the end of the academic year
  4. Teaching each topic once fully before moving to a new one

Explanation

Bruner argued that fundamental ideas should be revisited repeatedly, each time in a more sophisticated form suited to the learner's level. This cyclical deepening distinguishes the spiral curriculum from one-time coverage of topics.

Question 9Child Development and Pedagogy

In Vygotskian terms, a teacher who gradually reduces support as a student gains competence in writing a paragraph is providing:

  1. reinforcement schedule
  2. standardised testing
  3. scaffolding Correct answer.
  4. rote memorisation

Explanation

Scaffolding is temporary, adjustable support that is withdrawn as the learner becomes capable of performing independently. It is closely tied to the ZPD and contrasts with permanent or rigid forms of assistance.

Question 10Child Development and Pedagogy

Which classroom practice is most consistent with Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences?

  1. Offering varied pathways such as linguistic, spatial and interpersonal tasks for the same concept Correct answer.
  2. Assigning all students identical worksheets to ensure fairness
  3. Teaching only through lectures to cover content quickly
  4. Ranking students strictly by their scores on an intelligence test

Explanation

Gardner proposed several relatively independent intelligences, so instruction should offer multiple entry points that let different strengths be used to learn the same content. Uniform worksheets or single-mode lectures assume one general ability.

Question 11Child Development and Pedagogy

Spearman's two-factor theory of intelligence proposes that performance on any cognitive task depends on:

  1. three interacting components of thinking
  2. a general factor plus task-specific factors Correct answer.
  3. eight independent intelligences
  4. a single hereditary factor alone

Explanation

Spearman observed that performances across diverse tasks correlate positively and explained this through a general factor, g, together with specific factors unique to each task. The other options describe Thurstone, Gardner and Sternberg or reductionist positions.

Question 12Child Development and Pedagogy

A student who consistently attributes failure in mathematics to lack of ability rather than to effort or strategy is likely to develop:

  1. learned helplessness Correct answer.
  2. stronger mastery goals
  3. higher intrinsic motivation
  4. increased self-efficacy

Explanation

Attributing failure to stable, internal and uncontrollable causes such as low ability promotes learned helplessness, in which the learner stops trying because success seems impossible. Attributions to effort or strategy, which are controllable, preserve motivation.

Question 13Child Development and Pedagogy

Which of the following best illustrates intrinsic motivation in a primary classroom?

  1. A child reads extra books because she finds the stories fascinating Correct answer.
  2. A child behaves well to receive a star on the chart
  3. A child completes homework to avoid a punishment
  4. A child studies to win a prize announced by the teacher

Explanation

Intrinsic motivation arises from interest and enjoyment in the activity itself, so reading for fascination reflects it. The other examples depend on external rewards or punishments, which are extrinsic motivators.

Question 14Child Development and Pedagogy

A teacher gives a short quiz after every lesson and uses the results to adjust the next day's teaching. This practice is best described as:

  1. diagnostic labelling
  2. summative assessment
  3. formative assessment Correct answer.
  4. norm-referenced testing

Explanation

Formative assessment is conducted during instruction and used to inform teaching and learning decisions. Summative assessment instead judges achievement at the end of a unit or course.

Question 15Child Development and Pedagogy

According to Bloom's revised taxonomy, a question that asks students to compare two historical accounts of the same event and justify which is more reliable is at which level?

  1. Applying
  2. Evaluating Correct answer.
  3. Understanding
  4. Remembering

Explanation

Evaluating involves making judgments based on criteria such as reliability and justifying conclusions, which is exactly what comparing and judging sources requires. Remembering and understanding involve recall and explanation, while applying involves using knowledge in a familiar situation.

Question 16Child Development and Pedagogy

A child says 'I goed to the market' instead of 'I went'. This error most likely indicates:

  1. a lack of exposure to the past tense
  2. delayed speech development
  3. overgeneralisation of a grammatical rule Correct answer.
  4. a language disorder requiring referral

Explanation

Errors such as 'goed' show that the child has abstracted the regular past-tense rule and is applying it too broadly, a normal sign of rule learning. Overgeneralisation typically decreases as the child encounters irregular forms.

Question 17Child Development and Pedagogy

Chomsky's notion of a language acquisition device suggests that children learn language primarily because they:

  1. imitate only the sentences they hear
  2. receive systematic reinforcement for each correct utterance
  3. are taught grammar rules explicitly by adults
  4. possess an innate capacity for acquiring grammar Correct answer.

Explanation

Chomsky argued that children are born with an innate predisposition to extract grammatical structure, which explains rapid acquisition despite limited and imperfect input. Behaviourist accounts instead stress imitation and reinforcement.

Question 18Child Development and Pedagogy

Which of the following is the clearest example of a child displaying egocentric thought in Piaget's sense?

  1. A child asks for help when confused
  2. A child shares his lunch with a friend
  3. A child hides his eyes and believes others cannot see him Correct answer.
  4. A child explains the rules of a game to a new player

Explanation

Piagetian egocentrism is the difficulty in distinguishing one's own perspective from another's, as when a child assumes that because he cannot see others, they cannot see him. Perspective-taking and prosocial behaviour indicate that this limitation is being overcome.

Question 19Child Development and Pedagogy

A teacher who believes that intelligence can be developed through effort and good strategies is most likely to respond to a struggling student by:

  1. teaching specific strategies and attributing progress to effort Correct answer.
  2. recommending that the student be moved to a lower group
  3. lowering expectations to protect the student's self-esteem
  4. praising the student's innate talent to build confidence

Explanation

A growth mindset leads teachers to treat ability as malleable and to give strategy-focused feedback that links improvement to effortful practice. Lowering expectations or emphasising fixed talent reinforces a static view of ability.

Question 20Child Development and Pedagogy

In Pavlovian terms, a student who feels anxious whenever the mathematics teacher enters the room, because that teacher previously gave harsh public reprimands, is exhibiting:

  1. operant extinction
  2. observational learning
  3. latent learning
  4. classical conditioning Correct answer.

Explanation

The teacher, initially a neutral stimulus, has been paired with harsh reprimands that naturally provoke anxiety, so the teacher alone now elicits anxiety. This is classical conditioning, in which a conditioned stimulus comes to evoke a conditioned response.

Question 21Child Development and Pedagogy

Which statement most accurately reflects the relationship between development and learning as understood in contemporary educational psychology?

  1. Development sets limits but learning can also drive development forward Correct answer.
  2. Learning and development are entirely independent processes
  3. Learning can only begin after development is complete
  4. Development is solely determined by heredity and cannot be influenced

Explanation

Contemporary views, influenced by Vygotsky, hold that development and learning interact: maturation sets broad limits, yet well-designed instruction can pull development forward within the zone of proximal development. Neither strict separation nor pure maturation fits the evidence.

Question 22Child Development and Pedagogy

A researcher finds that children who eat breakfast regularly also score higher on a test. Which conclusion is most justified?

  1. The test scores caused the children to eat breakfast
  2. Eating breakfast definitely causes higher test scores
  3. No relationship exists because the study was observational
  4. There is a correlation that may be explained by other variables such as socioeconomic status Correct answer.

Explanation

A correlation alone cannot establish causation, since a third variable such as family income could influence both breakfast habits and test performance. Causal claims require controlled designs that rule out such confounds.

Question 23Child Development and Pedagogy

A child from a disadvantaged home consistently performs poorly on tasks requiring abstract vocabulary but excels at solving practical problems in the market where she helps her family. This pattern best illustrates the need to:

  1. assess intelligence only with standardised verbal tests
  2. conclude that the child has low general intelligence
  3. recognise that cognitive competence is expressed differently across cultural contexts Correct answer.
  4. separate practical skills from all school learning

Explanation

The contrast between school-style verbal tasks and real-world problem solving shows that competence is situated in cultural practices and that a single test format can underestimate ability. Recognising this calls for broader, context-sensitive assessment rather than deficit conclusions.

Question 24Child Development and Pedagogy

A teacher uses a token system in which students earn points for completing assignments and exchange them for free-reading time. Over time, students who previously loved reading begin to read only when points are offered. This outcome best illustrates:

  1. the overjustification effect Correct answer.
  2. positive transfer of learning
  3. intrinsic motivation strengthening
  4. spontaneous recovery

Explanation

The overjustification effect occurs when an external reward undermines an activity that was initially intrinsically interesting, shifting the perceived reason for the behaviour to the reward. The described decline in voluntary reading fits this pattern.

Question 25Child Development and Pedagogy

A teacher wants to reduce a student's habit of calling out answers without permission and decides to ignore the calling out while praising the student whenever a hand is raised. This strategy combines:

  1. extinction of the unwanted behaviour with reinforcement of an incompatible behaviour Correct answer.
  2. negative reinforcement with classical conditioning
  3. observational learning with latent learning
  4. punishment of the unwanted behaviour with shaping of a new response

Explanation

Withholding attention for calling out removes the reinforcement maintaining it, which is extinction, while praising hand-raising reinforces a behaviour that is incompatible with calling out. The combination is a standard classroom application of operant principles.

Question 26Child Development and Pedagogy

A primary teacher notices that a seven-year-old can now sort buttons by both colour and size at the same time, whereas a year earlier she could use only one criterion. In Piagetian terms, this change most directly reflects the emergence of:

  1. decentration Correct answer.
  2. conservation of number
  3. class inclusion
  4. seriation

Explanation

Decentration is the ability to attend to more than one dimension of a situation simultaneously, which is what allows the child to combine colour and size criteria. It is a hallmark of the concrete operational stage, replacing the centration of the preoperational stage.

Question 27Child Development and Pedagogy

A child of about eighteen months says 'milk' while pointing at the refrigerator, and the mother responds by fetching the milk. This episode best illustrates which function of early language?

  1. overgeneralisation of a rule
  2. metalinguistic awareness
  3. phonological development
  4. pragmatic communication of intent Correct answer.

Explanation

The single word plus gesture is used to convey a request to another person, which is the pragmatic or communicative function of language. Before grammar develops, children use holophrases and gestures to achieve social goals.

Question 28Child Development and Pedagogy

A teacher tells a struggling reader: 'You found the main idea in that paragraph because you reread the tricky sentence. That strategy worked.' According to Weiner's attribution theory, this feedback is intended mainly to:

  1. reduce the child's anxiety about reading tests
  2. raise the child's self-esteem regardless of performance
  3. increase the child's intrinsic interest in reading
  4. shift the child's attribution for success to effort and strategy Correct answer.

Explanation

Weiner's model holds that attributions to internal, controllable causes such as effort and strategy promote persistence and achievement motivation. The teacher's wording explicitly links success to a controllable strategy rather than to fixed ability.

Question 29Child Development and Pedagogy

A class is studying the water cycle. The teacher first has children pour water in a tray and watch it disappear over days, then draws the cycle on the board, then asks them to explain a rainy window. This sequence most closely reflects which principle of Ausubel's meaningful learning theory?

  1. Learning occurs best when content is presented in its final abstract form first
  2. Learning is most efficient when reinforced by immediate tangible rewards
  3. Learning proceeds from concrete experience to abstract representation when new material is anchored in prior knowledge Correct answer.
  4. Learning depends on maturational readiness that cannot be accelerated

Explanation

Ausubel argued that meaningful learning occurs when new information is deliberately linked to relevant existing cognitive structure, and that anchoring is easiest when the learner has concrete experience to attach the abstraction to. The sequence builds the abstract diagram on observed experience.

Question 30Child Development and Pedagogy

A teacher plans a lesson on measurement for Class III. Which objective is written at the application level of Bloom's revised taxonomy?

  1. Students will recall that one metre equals one hundred centimetres
  2. Students will state the standard units of length
  3. Students will list the instruments used for measuring length
  4. Students will use a ruler to measure the length of their desk correctly Correct answer.

Explanation

In the revised taxonomy, applying means using a procedure in a given situation, which is exactly what measuring a desk with a ruler requires. The other objectives ask only for remembering facts or terminology.

Question 31Child Development and Pedagogy

A child who is consistently rejected by peers over several months begins to say 'nobody likes me, so there is no point trying to join games'. This pattern is best described as:

  1. delayed language acquisition
  2. a sign of a specific learning disability
  3. a self-fulfilling prophecy arising from a negative self-concept Correct answer.
  4. normal separation anxiety of middle childhood

Explanation

Repeated peer rejection can become incorporated into the child's self-concept, and the resulting expectation of failure leads the child to withdraw, confirming the belief. This reciprocal cycle is the classic self-fulfilling prophecy in the social-emotional domain.

Question 32Child Development and Pedagogy

A teacher wants to help a child who is in Kohlberg's preconventional stage to follow classroom rules. Which approach is most consistent with the reasoning level of that stage?

  1. Explaining that following the rule earns a star and avoids losing playtime Correct answer.
  2. Asking the child to reflect on how the rule protects everyone's rights
  3. Having the child write an essay on the social contract
  4. Discussing the abstract principle of justice behind the rule

Explanation

Preconventional moral reasoning is governed by punishment and obedience or by instrumental exchange of rewards, so concrete consequences such as earning a star or losing playtime match the child's level. Higher-level strategies presuppose reasoning the child does not yet use.

Question 33Child Development and Pedagogy

A teacher notices that a child can solve a jigsaw puzzle with a peer but cannot complete the same puzzle alone. The gap between these two performances is, in Vygotskian terms, the child's:

  1. stage of concrete operations
  2. level of actual development
  3. zone of proximal development Correct answer.
  4. sensorimotor schema

Explanation

Vygotsky defined the zone of proximal development as the distance between what a child can do independently and what the child can do with assistance from a more capable other. The assisted puzzle performance lies within this zone.

Question 34Child Development and Pedagogy

A teacher finds that children in her class learn the multiplication tables faster when they practise in short daily sessions with immediate feedback than when they study the same total time in one long weekly session. This result is best explained by:

  1. the effect of maturation on memory span
  2. the spacing effect in learning and retention Correct answer.
  3. the superiority of massed over distributed practice
  4. the influence of intrinsic motivation on attention

Explanation

The spacing effect is the well-established finding that information practised in distributed sessions is retained better than the same amount of practice massed together. Short daily sessions with feedback exemplify distributed practice.

Question 35Child Development and Pedagogy

A teacher is planning instruction for a mixed-ability Class V. Which practice best reflects the principle of differentiated instruction?

  1. Teaching only to the middle group so that no student feels singled out
  2. Providing varied tasks and support matched to students' readiness while keeping the same core learning goal Correct answer.
  3. Giving all students the same task but allowing extra time for slower students
  4. Assigning the same worksheet to all students so that standards remain uniform

Explanation

Differentiated instruction varies content, process or product according to learner readiness, interest or profile while holding the essential learning goal constant. Matching tasks and support to readiness without lowering the goal captures this principle.

Question 36Child Development and Pedagogy

A teacher wants to reduce a student's habit of shouting out answers and decides to praise the same student whenever he raises his hand before speaking. This strategy is best described as:

  1. differential reinforcement of an incompatible behaviour Correct answer.
  2. extinction of the shouting-out response
  3. negative reinforcement of hand-raising
  4. punishment by removal of a privilege

Explanation

Reinforcing hand-raising, a behaviour that cannot occur at the same time as shouting out, is differential reinforcement of an incompatible behaviour. It strengthens a desirable alternative rather than merely suppressing the problem response.

Question 37Child Development and Pedagogy

A teacher wants to use a sociometric technique to understand peer relationships in her class. Which action is most appropriate?

  1. Recording how often each child speaks during group work
  2. Interviewing only the class monitor about friendships
  3. Asking each child to name classmates they would like to sit with and those they would rather not Correct answer.
  4. Ranking children by their scores on the last unit test

Explanation

Sociometry maps the pattern of peer acceptance and rejection by asking children to nominate preferred and non-preferred peers, producing a picture of social structure. It is the standard method for identifying popular, rejected and isolated children.

Question 38Child Development and Pedagogy

A child who has always been praised for being 'naturally brilliant' begins to avoid challenging tasks after some failures. The most likely explanation is that this praise:

  1. reduced the child's need for adult approval
  2. increased the child's intrinsic motivation to master new material
  3. strengthened a mastery goal orientation toward learning
  4. encouraged a performance goal orientation focused on appearing able Correct answer.

Explanation

Praising intelligence rather than effort tends to foster a performance goal orientation in which the child's priority is to look able and avoid evidence of low ability. Task avoidance after failure is a predictable consequence of that orientation.

Question 39Child Development and Pedagogy

A class teacher observes that a nine-year-old can classify animals into mammals, birds and reptiles and understands that a sparrow is both a bird and an animal. This understanding of nested categories is known as:

  1. animism
  2. transductive reasoning
  3. class inclusion Correct answer.
  4. centration

Explanation

Class inclusion is the concrete operational understanding that a subcategory is simultaneously part of a larger category, as when a sparrow is both a bird and an animal. It depends on the ability to coordinate part and whole.

Question 40Child Development and Pedagogy

A teacher who follows a constructivist approach to teaching primary mathematics is most likely to begin a new unit by:

  1. posing a problem that elicits students' existing ideas and asking them to explain their reasoning Correct answer.
  2. distributing a printed summary of the rules for students to memorise
  3. testing students on the unit before any teaching occurs
  4. demonstrating the correct method on the board and having students copy it

Explanation

Constructivism holds that learners build understanding by actively working on problems and revising their existing conceptions, so eliciting and discussing prior ideas is the characteristic opening move. Copying or memorising rules bypasses this active construction.

Question 41Language I (Punjabi)

ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਰਣਮਾਲਾ ਵਿੱਚ 'ਊ' ਕਿਹੜੀ ਲੜੀ ਦਾ ਅੱਖਰ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਇਸ ਦੀ ਧੁਨੀ ਕੀ ਹੈ?

  1. ਵਿਅੰਜਨ ਲੜੀ ਦਾ, ਊ ਧੁਨੀ
  2. ਸਵਰ ਲੜੀ ਦਾ, ਛੋਟੀ ਉ ਧੁਨੀ
  3. ਸਵਰ ਲੜੀ ਦਾ, ਲੰਮੀ ਉ ਧੁਨੀ Correct answer.
  4. ਵਿਅੰਜਨ ਲੜੀ ਦਾ, ਵ ਧੁਨੀ

Explanation

ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਰਣਮਾਲਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਵਰ ਅੱਖਰਾਂ ਦੀ ਆਪਣੀ ਲੜੀ ਹੈ, ਜਿਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਅ, ਆ, ਇ, ਈ, ਉ, ਊ ਆਦਿ ਆਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ। 'ਊ' ਇਸ ਲੜੀ ਦਾ ਲੰਮਾ ਸਵਰ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਇਸ ਦੀ ਧੁਨੀ ਛੋਟੀ 'ਉ' ਨਾਲੋਂ ਲੰਮੀ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ।

Question 42Language I (Punjabi)

ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿੱਚ 'ਅੱਧਾ ਅੱਖਰ' (ਹਲੰਤ) ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਕੀ ਦਰਸਾਉਣ ਲਈ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ?

  1. ਸ਼ਬਦ ਦਾ ਅੰਤ
  2. ਸਵਰ ਦੀ ਲੰਬਾਈ
  3. ਵਿਅੰਜਨ ਦਾ ਅੱਧਾ ਉਚਾਰਨ Correct answer.
  4. ਵਾਕ ਦਾ ਵਿਰਾਮ

Explanation

ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲਿਖਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਅੱਧੇ ਅੱਖਰ ਦਾ ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ ਵਿਅੰਜਨ ਦੇ ਹੇਠਾਂ ਲੱਗਦਾ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਇਹ ਦਰਸਾਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਉਸ ਵਿਅੰਜਨ ਦਾ ਉਚਾਰਨ ਪੂਰਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਸਗੋਂ ਅੱਧਾ ਹੋਵੇਗਾ। ਇਹ ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ ਸਵਰ ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਖਰਾ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ।

Question 43Language I (Punjabi)

'ਘਰ' ਸ਼ਬਦ ਦੇ ਪਹਿਲੇ ਅੱਖਰ ਦਾ ਸਹੀ ਵਰਗ ਪਛਾਣੋ।

  1. ਚ ਵਰਗ
  2. ਕ ਵਰਗ Correct answer.
  3. ਤ ਵਰਗ
  4. ਪ ਵਰਗ

Explanation

'ਘ' ਅੱਖਰ ਕ ਵਰਗ ਦਾ ਦੂਜਾ ਅੱਖਰ ਹੈ, ਜਿਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਕ, ਖ, ਗ, ਘ, ਙ ਆਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ। ਇਸ ਲਈ 'ਘਰ' ਦਾ ਪਹਿਲਾ ਅੱਖਰ ਕ ਵਰਗ ਨਾਲ ਸੰਬੰਧਿਤ ਹੈ।

Question 44Language I (Punjabi)

ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿੱਚ 'ਬਿੰਦੀ' (ਂ) ਅਤੇ 'ਟਿੱਪੀ' (ੰ) ਦਾ ਮੁੱਖ ਕੰਮ ਕੀ ਹੈ?

  1. ਸ਼ਬਦ ਨੂੰ ਜੋੜਨਾ
  2. ਨਾਸਕ ਧੁਨੀ ਦਰਸਾਉਣਾ Correct answer.
  3. ਵਿਅੰਜਨ ਨੂੰ ਦੁੱਗਣਾ ਕਰਨਾ
  4. ਸਵਰ ਨੂੰ ਲੰਮਾ ਕਰਨਾ

Explanation

ਬਿੰਦੀ ਅਤੇ ਟਿੱਪੀ ਦੋਵੇਂ ਨਾਸਕ ਧੁਨੀ ਦਰਸਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ, ਜਿਵੇਂ 'ਮਾਂ' ਜਾਂ 'ਸੰਗ' ਵਿੱਚ। ਇਹ ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ ਉਚਾਰਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਨੱਕ ਦੀ ਗੂੰਜ ਦਰਸਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ।

Question 45Language I (Punjabi)

'ਸੂਰਜ' ਸ਼ਬਦ ਦਾ ਸਹੀ ਲਿੰਗ ਕੀ ਹੈ?

  1. ਉਭੈ ਲਿੰਗ
  2. ਇਸਤਰੀ ਲਿੰਗ
  3. ਪੁਲਿੰਗ Correct answer.
  4. ਕੋਈ ਲਿੰਗ ਨਹੀਂ

Explanation

ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿੱਚ 'ਸੂਰਜ' ਪੁਲਿੰਗ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਇਸ ਨਾਲ ਪੁਲਿੰਗ ਕਿਰਿਆ ਆਉਂਦੀ ਹੈ, ਜਿਵੇਂ 'ਸੂਰਜ ਚੜ੍ਹਿਆ'। ਇਹ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਦੇ ਰਿਵਾਜ ਨਾਲ ਤੈਅ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ।

Question 46Language I (Punjabi)

'ਕਿਤਾਬਾਂ' ਸ਼ਬਦ ਕਿਹੜਾ ਵਚਨ ਦਰਸਾਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ?

  1. ਇੱਕ ਵਚਨ
  2. ਬਹੁ ਵਚਨ Correct answer.
  3. ਸੰਬੰਧਕ ਵਚਨ
  4. ਦੁਵਚਨ

Explanation

'ਕਿਤਾਬਾਂ' ਦੇ ਅੰਤ ਵਿੱਚ 'ਆਂ' ਪਿਛੇਤਰ ਆਇਆ ਹੈ, ਜੋ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਬਹੁ ਵਚਨ ਦਾ ਆਮ ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਲਈ ਇਹ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਇੱਕ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਧ ਕਿਤਾਬਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਦਰਸਾਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ।

Question 47Language I (Punjabi)

'ਉਹ ਬਹੁਤ ਚੰਗਾ ਗਾਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ' ਵਾਕ ਵਿੱਚ 'ਬਹੁਤ' ਕਿਹੜਾ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਭੇਦ ਹੈ?

  1. ਸਰਵਨਾਂਵ
  2. ਨਾਂਵ
  3. ਸੰਬੰਧਕ
  4. ਕਿਰਿਆ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਣ Correct answer.

Explanation

'ਬਹੁਤ' ਸ਼ਬਦ ਕਿਰਿਆ 'ਗਾਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ' ਦੀ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਤਾ ਦਰਸਾਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ, ਇਸ ਲਈ ਇਹ ਕਿਰਿਆ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਣ ਹੈ। ਕਿਰਿਆ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਣ ਕਿਰਿਆ ਦੀ ਮਾਤਰਾ, ਢੰਗ ਜਾਂ ਸਮਾਂ ਦੱਸਦਾ ਹੈ।

Question 48Language I (Punjabi)

'ਮੈਂ ਸਕੂਲ ਗਿਆ' ਵਾਕ ਵਿੱਚ ਕਰਤਾ ਕਿਹੜਾ ਹੈ?

  1. ਗਿਆ
  2. ਸਕੂਲ
  3. ਮੈਂ Correct answer.
  4. ਕੋਈ ਨਹੀਂ

Explanation

ਕਰਤਾ ਉਹ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ; ਇਸ ਵਾਕ ਵਿੱਚ ਜਾਣ ਦਾ ਕੰਮ 'ਮੈਂ' ਕਰ ਰਿਹਾ ਹੈ। 'ਸਕੂਲ' ਕਰਮ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ 'ਗਿਆ' ਕਿਰਿਆ ਹੈ।

Question 49Language I (Punjabi)

'ਪੜ੍ਹਾਈ' ਸ਼ਬਦ ਕਿਹੜੀ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਭੇਦ ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ?

  1. ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਣ
  2. ਕਿਰਿਆ
  3. ਨਾਂਵ Correct answer.
  4. ਸੰਬੰਧਕ

Explanation

'ਪੜ੍ਹਾਈ' ਇੱਕ ਕੰਮ ਜਾਂ ਭਾਵ ਦਾ ਨਾਂ ਹੈ, ਇਸ ਲਈ ਇਹ ਭਾਵਵਾਚਕ ਨਾਂਵ ਹੈ। ਇਹ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਵਾਕ ਵਿੱਚ ਕਰਤਾ ਜਾਂ ਕਰਮ ਦੀ ਥਾਂ ਲੈ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ।

Question 50Language I (Punjabi)

'ਉਹ ਆਪਣੇ ਘਰ ਗਿਆ' ਵਾਕ ਵਿੱਚ 'ਆਪਣੇ' ਕਿਹੜਾ ਸਰਵਨਾਂਵ ਹੈ?

  1. ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਨਵਾਚਕ ਸਰਵਨਾਂਵ
  2. ਨਿਸ਼ਚੇਵਾਚਕ ਸਰਵਨਾਂਵ
  3. ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸਰਵਨਾਂਵ Correct answer.
  4. ਸੰਬੰਧਕ ਸਰਵਨਾਂਵ

Explanation

'ਆਪਣੇ' ਸ਼ਬਦ ਕਰਤਾ ਵੱਲ ਹੀ ਮੁੜ ਕੇ ਸੰਬੰਧ ਦਰਸਾਉਂਦਾ ਹੈ, ਇਸ ਲਈ ਇਹ ਨਿੱਜੀ (ਰੀਫਲੈਕਸਿਵ) ਸਰਵਨਾਂਵ ਹੈ। ਅਜਿਹਾ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਦੱਸਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਲਾ ਆਪ ਹੀ ਲਾਭ ਲੈਣ ਵਾਲਾ ਹੈ।