RBSE Prav Voc IT and ITeS flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

IPO cycle

The basic computer workflow: Input devices supply data, the CPU Processes it using the ALU and control unit, and Output devices present the result. Storage holds data between stages.

Volatile memory

Memory that loses its contents when power is switched off. RAM is volatile and holds programs currently running; ROM is non-volatile and retains firmware such as BIOS.

System software

Software that manages hardware and provides a platform for applications, including the operating system, device drivers and utility programs. It is distinct from application software.

Absolute path

A file path written from the root of the drive, listing every folder in order, such as C:\Users\Ravi\Docs\report.docx. It identifies a file regardless of current location.

File extension

The suffix after the final dot in a file name that indicates the file type, for example .docx for a Word document, .xlsx for a spreadsheet, or .pdf for fixed layout.

Multitasking

An operating system capability that rapidly switches CPU time among several processes so multiple programs appear to run simultaneously, using scheduling algorithms to allocate processor time.

Mail merge

A word processing feature that combines one main document with a data source of records to generate a personalised copy for each record, such as letters or address labels.

Justified alignment

Paragraph alignment that adjusts word spacing so text begins flush at the left margin and ends flush at the right margin, producing even edges on both sides.

Track Changes

A review feature that records insertions, deletions and formatting edits as marked revisions attributed to a reviewer, which can later be accepted or rejected.

Absolute cell reference

A reference written with dollar signs, such as $A$1, that stays fixed when a formula is copied to another cell. Relative references shift instead.

COUNT versus COUNTA

COUNT counts only cells containing numbers, while COUNTA counts all non-empty cells including text and dates. Choosing wrongly changes totals in summary formulas.

VLOOKUP exact match

A lookup function that searches the leftmost column of a table for a value and returns a cell from a specified column. The fourth argument FALSE forces an exact match.

Conditional formatting

A spreadsheet feature that automatically applies colours, icons or data bars to cells whose values satisfy a defined rule, making patterns and outliers visible without manual styling.

Slide master

A presentation template layer that stores fonts, colour scheme, background and placeholder positions. Edits to it apply consistently to every slide using that master.

Transition versus animation

A transition is the visual effect between one slide and the next, while an animation is an effect applied to an individual object such as text or an image within a slide.

Speaker notes

Text added in the Notes pane of a presentation, visible to the presenter in presenter view but not shown on the projected slide, used to hold talking points and reminders.

DNS

The Domain Name System translates human-readable domain names such as example.org into numeric IP addresses that computers use to route requests across the internet.

Bcc field

Blind carbon copy: recipients listed here receive the email but their addresses are hidden from other recipients, protecting privacy when mailing a large group.

HTTPS

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure, which uses TLS encryption so data exchanged between browser and server cannot be read or altered in transit. Shown by a padlock icon.

Primary key

A column or column combination in a relational table that uniquely identifies each row. It cannot contain duplicate or null values and is referenced by foreign keys.

Foreign key

A column in one table that references the primary key of another table, creating a relationship between them and enforcing referential integrity so orphan records cannot exist.

WHERE versus HAVING

WHERE filters individual rows before grouping in a query, whereas HAVING filters groups after aggregation. HAVING is used with aggregate conditions such as COUNT above a threshold.

Normalisation

The process of structuring relational tables to reduce data redundancy and update anomalies by separating related data into linked tables, typically progressing through first, second and third normal form.

Service Level Agreement

A contract clause or document defining measurable service targets such as turnaround time, accuracy, uptime and penalty terms, against which an ITES provider's performance is measured.

Average handling time

An ITES contact-centre metric calculated as total talk time plus hold time plus after-call work, divided by the number of calls handled. Lower values usually indicate efficiency.

Knowledge process outsourcing

Outsourcing of high-skill, judgement-based work such as research, financial analysis, legal review or medical coding, as opposed to routine transaction-based business process outsourcing.

Active listening

A communication skill in which the listener concentrates fully, avoids interrupting, paraphrases the speaker's meaning to confirm understanding, and asks clarifying questions before responding.

STAR method

A structured way to answer interview questions by describing the Situation, the Task required, the Action you personally took, and the Result achieved, keeping the answer concrete.

Phishing

A fraudulent email, message or site that impersonates a trusted entity to trick a user into revealing passwords or financial details, or into clicking a malicious link.

Ransomware

Malicious software that encrypts a victim's files and demands payment for the decryption key. Regular offline backups are the reliable recovery defence, not payment.

Digital footprint

The permanent trail of data a person leaves online through posts, searches, comments and transactions. It is publicly attributable and can affect reputation and employment prospects.

Software as a Service

A cloud model in which a provider hosts an application and users access it over the internet through a browser or app, typically by subscription, without managing servers.

Minimum viable product

The smallest version of a product that delivers enough value to attract early users and generate validated learning about demand, built before investing in full features.