RBSE Prav Voc Agriculture flashcards
RBSE Prav Voc Agriculture · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Kharif crop
- A crop sown with the onset of the monsoon (June-July) and harvested in autumn, for example rice, maize, cotton, and groundnut.
- C3 and C4 plants
- C3 plants fix CO2 into 3-phosphoglycerate and include wheat and rice; C4 plants fix CO2 into oxaloacetate and include maize and sugarcane, giving higher photosynthetic efficiency.
- Essential plant nutrients
- Sixteen elements required for plant growth: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum, and chlorine.
- Cropping intensity
- The ratio of gross cropped area to net sown area expressed as a percentage; it indicates how many times the same land is cropped in a year.
- Intercropping
- Growing two or more crops simultaneously in the same field in definite row arrangements, which improves land use efficiency and spreads risk.
- Critical irrigation stage
- The growth phase at which a crop is most sensitive to water stress, such as crown root initiation in wheat or panicle initiation in rice.
- Zero tillage
- A conservation practice in which the soil is not ploughed and seeds are placed directly into the previous crop residue, conserving moisture and soil structure.
- Soil texture triangle
- A triangular chart that classifies soil into textural classes by the percentages of sand, silt, and clay particles present in the sample.
- Cation exchange capacity
- The ability of a soil to hold exchangeable cations such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium; clay and organic matter raise CEC while sand lowers it.
- Soil pH
- A measure of soil acidity or alkalinity; most crops grow best near pH 6.0 to 7.0, and lime raises pH while gypsum or sulphur lowers it.
- Fertilizer grade 18-46-0
- The N-P-K grade of diammonium phosphate (DAP), meaning 18 percent nitrogen, 46 percent P2O5, and zero percent K2O by weight.
- Economic threshold level
- The pest population density at which control measures are economically justified to prevent the pest from causing losses greater than the cost of control.
- Integrated Pest Management
- A strategy combining cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical control methods, using pesticides only when monitoring shows they are necessary.
- Bacillus thuringiensis
- A soil bacterium used as a biological insecticide; its crystal proteins are toxic to larvae of many Lepidoptera and some Diptera and Coleoptera.
- Pre-harvest interval
- The minimum number of days that must elapse between the last pesticide application and harvest, ensuring residues remain within permitted limits.
- Rumen
- The largest compartment of the ruminant stomach, where microbial fermentation breaks down cellulose and synthesizes microbial protein from dietary nitrogen.
- Colostrum
- The first milk secreted after calving, rich in antibodies, proteins, and vitamins; newborn calves need it within the first hours of life for immunity.
- Gestation period of cattle
- The duration of pregnancy in cattle, approximately 280 days from conception to calving, used to plan dry periods and calving schedules.
- Artificial insemination
- A breeding technique in which collected and processed semen is deposited in the female reproductive tract, improving genetics and reducing disease transmission.
- Olericulture
- The branch of horticulture concerned with the production and management of vegetables, including their propagation, cultivation, harvesting, and post-harvest handling.
- Grafting
- An asexual propagation method joining a scion to a rootstock so they grow as one plant, preserving cultivar traits and enabling rootstock selection for vigour or disease resistance.
- Climacteric fruit
- A fruit that continues to ripen after harvest with a rise in respiration and ethylene production, such as banana, mango, and tomato.
- Gross margin
- Gross output value minus variable costs for an enterprise; it is used to compare enterprises when fixed costs cannot be allocated accurately.
- Benefit-cost ratio
- Total benefits divided by total costs of a project; a ratio greater than one indicates that benefits exceed costs and the project is profitable.
- Break-even point
- The output level at which total revenue equals total cost, calculated as fixed costs divided by the difference between unit price and unit variable cost.
- Draft of an implement
- The horizontal force required to pull a tillage implement through the soil; it depends on soil type, depth, width, and speed of operation.
- Drip irrigation
- A method delivering water slowly and directly to the root zone through emitters, saving water and allowing fertilizer application through fertigation.
- Grain moisture for storage
- The moisture content at which grain can be stored safely without mould growth, typically about 10 to 12 percent for cereals.
- Diffusion of innovations
- The process by which an innovation spreads through a social system over time, with adoption stages of knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation.
- Farmer producer organization
- A collective of farmers that aggregates produce, shares inputs and equipment, and improves bargaining power and market access for its members.
- Conservation agriculture
- A farming system based on minimum soil disturbance, permanent soil cover with residues or cover crops, and crop diversification to protect soil and water.
- Agroforestry
- A land-use system that integrates trees with crops or livestock on the same land, improving soil fertility, diversifying income, and providing fuel and fodder.