RBSE Secondary Sindhi key terms

Sindhi prose writing in any form other than verse, including short stories, essays, sketches and biographical pieces; the prose textbook section of the syllabus is named after it.

Sindhi poetry, verse composed in metre and rhyme; the poetry section of the prescribed textbook is called Padya and includes ghazal, nazm and geet forms.

A prose composition on a chosen topic, organised into introduction, body paragraphs and conclusion; also the general term for an essay written in the composition paper.

A literary sketch portraying a real person's habits, speech and manner through selected details rather than full biography; a recognised prose genre in Sindhi textbooks.

A memoir or remembrance piece recalling people and events from the writer's life, often personal in tone and used in the prose reader for autobiographical extracts.

An autobiography, the writer's own life account told in first person; extracts from such works appear in the supplementary and prose sections of the syllabus.

A biography of another person, presenting life events in chronological order with attention to achievements; distinguished from autobiography by the third-person viewpoint.

A short story with plot, characters and setting that builds to a single effect or turning point; a core prose genre tested for theme, character and narrative technique.

A character in a story or play; candidates are asked to describe a character's traits and role, citing actions and dialogue from the prescribed text.

The central subject or theme of a prose piece or poem, stated in one clear sentence; a standard short-answer question after each prescribed lesson.

A lyric poem of couplets sharing a refrain and rhyme, each couplet often carrying its own thought; the matla is the opening couplet and the maqta closes with the poet's pen name.

A single couplet, or in Sindhi classical poetry a two-line verse unit forming the base of forms such as the bait-jo-geet; the building block of ghazal and doha.

A two-line Sindhi verse form, usually with a pause after the first line, used for proverbial or reflective sayings; common in the poetry reader and in folk verse.

A Sindhi verse form of four or more lines, often sung, with a repeating refrain; associated with Shah Abdul Latif and the bait-verses of the Risalo.

A poem written on a single sustained theme with regular stanzas, as opposed to the loosely linked couplets of a ghazal; modern Sindhi nazm often carries social themes.

The central idea or message of a poem, expressed in the candidate's own words; a standard question requiring one or two supporting lines quoted from the text.

The repeated word or phrase that follows the rhyme in every couplet of a ghazal; identifying it helps a candidate scan the poem's structure and rhyme scheme.

The rhyming word that comes immediately before the radeef in a couplet; all couplets of a ghazal share the same qafiyo sound pattern.

The collected poetry of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai, arranged in surs such as Sur Sassui and Sur Marui; the central work of Sindhi literary heritage and a frequent reference point.

A chapter or musical mode of the Risalo, each sur grouping verses on one heroine or theme, for example Sur Sohni; also the melodic framework for singing the verses.

The eighteenth-century Sindhi Sufi poet of Bhit Shah, author of the Risalo, whose heroines symbolise the soul's longing; a standard heritage question on life, message and contribution.

A nineteenth-century Sindhi Sufi poet from Daraza, known for mystical verses in Sindhi and Saraiki that stress divine love and rejection of outward ritual; often paired with Latif in heritage questions.

Mystical poetry using symbols of love and separation to express the soul's yearning for God; the interpretive key to much of the classical Sindhi poetry in the syllabus.

The Sindhi language, an Indo-Aryan tongue written in the Perso-Arabic script in Pakistan; questions cover its alphabet, dialects and status in the provincial curriculum.

The Sindhi alphabet of fifty-two letters, beginning with alif and bey; candidates must know letter order, joined and unjoined forms, and correct alphabetical sequencing for dictionary work.

The vowel marks placed above or below Sindhi letters to show short vowels, such as zabar, zer and pesh; correct use affects pronunciation and spelling accuracy in written answers.

Correct spelling and orthography; the grammar paper includes error-correction items where a misspelt Sindhi word must be rewritten accurately.

A dialect or regional variety of Sindhi, such as Vicholi, Lari, Siroli and Thareli; questions ask which dialect forms the basis of the standard written language.

A noun, the word class naming a person, place, thing or abstract idea; grammar items ask candidates to pick out nouns and classify them as common, proper or collective.

A pronoun standing in place of a noun, such as hun (I) or uhu (he); items test agreement of pronoun with antecedent and correct selection in a sentence.

A verb expressing an action or state, carrying tense, person and number; candidates identify verbs and check subject-verb agreement in the grammar section.

Grammatical tense, the time reference of a verb; Sindhi marks present, past and future, and transformation exercises require rewriting a sentence in another tense.

An idiom whose meaning cannot be derived from its individual words, for example a phrase meaning to betray; items ask for the correct sense or a sentence using the idiom.

A proverb, a fixed saying that conveys folk wisdom or advice; candidates match a proverb with its meaning or complete one from its opening words.

A short humorous anecdote or joke, often about a folk character, used in the vocabulary section to test understanding of colloquial Sindhi and its implied moral.

A synonym, a word with the same or nearly the same meaning as another; vocabulary items ask candidates to supply a matching synonym from the prescribed word list.

An antonym, a word opposite in meaning to another, such as high and low; tested by asking for the opposite of a given word in a short vocabulary exercise.

A word as a unit of language, considered for its meaning, spelling and part of speech; word-formation items ask candidates to build derivatives from a given root.

Translation of a passage between Sindhi and Hindi or English, keeping meaning and register rather than word-for-word order; a compulsory section of the comprehension paper.

Comprehension, reading a given passage and answering questions on its facts, inference and vocabulary; answers should be in the candidate's own words, not copied wholesale.

A formal application, usually to a headmaster or officer, following a fixed layout of sender, subject, body and closing; tested in the composition paper for format and tone.

A letter, personal or formal, with correct salutation, body paragraphs and subscription; candidates must produce a complete letter on a given situation within the time allowed.

A factual account of an event such as a school function, written with heading, date, place and sequence of happenings; format and objective tone carry marks in composition.

A preface or introduction to a book, explaining its purpose and scope; also used for the opening paragraph of an essay where the topic is introduced.