RBSE SS PE flashcards

34 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Definition of physical education

Education of, through and about human movement, aiming at all-round development of the body, mind and social behaviour rather than only physical fitness.

Biological objectives

Objectives of physical education concerning organic development, neuromuscular coordination and physiological efficiency of body systems, achieved through planned physical activity.

Career in sports coaching

A route in which a graduate completes a coaching diploma such as the NIS diploma and works with teams or athletes, planning training and preparing them for competition.

Cardiac output

Volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute, equal to stroke volume multiplied by heart rate; roughly five litres per minute at rest and far higher in maximal exercise.

Second wind

The relief from early breathlessness and discomfort a few minutes into sustained exercise, as oxygen supply, breathing and circulation adjust to the workload.

Sprain versus strain

A sprain is damage to a ligament from twisting or overstretching a joint; a strain is damage to a muscle or tendon from overstretching or overcontracting.

PRICE first aid

Immediate management of soft-tissue injury: protection, rest, ice for fifteen to twenty minutes with a cloth barrier, compression and elevation, avoiding heat and massage.

Muscular endurance

A health-related fitness component describing the ability of a muscle or group to perform repeated contractions against light resistance over a prolonged period without fatigue.

Body mass index

Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared; WHO bands are underweight below 18.5, normal 18.5 to 24.9, overweight 25 to 29.9, obese 30 and above.

Wellness

A multidimensional state of positive health covering physical, mental, emotional, social, spiritual and environmental dimensions, not merely the absence of disease.

Hypokinetic disease

A disease associated with insufficient physical activity, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension or coronary heart disease, reduced by regular moderate exercise.

Principle of overload

Training must impose a demand greater than the body is used to; without progressively increased load, no further adaptation and improvement in fitness occur.

Fartlek training

A continuous endurance method meaning speed play, in which the runner varies pace and terrain in an unstructured way, mixing faster and slower bouts.

Interval training

A method alternating fixed bouts of work with planned relief periods, allowing high intensity to be repeated and developing speed, power and anaerobic endurance.

Overtraining signs

Persistent fatigue, rising resting heart rate, disturbed sleep, irritability, loss of appetite and falling performance caused by excessive load with insufficient recovery.

Intrinsic motivation

Motivation arising from internal satisfaction such as enjoyment, mastery and personal challenge, generally more durable than motivation driven by trophies, money or praise.

Inverted-U hypothesis

The proposal that performance improves as arousal rises to a moderate optimum and then declines as arousal becomes too high, with the optimum lower for complex skills.

Cognitive anxiety

The mental component of anxiety, expressed as worry, negative thoughts and loss of concentration, as distinct from somatic anxiety such as sweating and raised heart rate.

Instrumental aggression

Forceful behaviour used as a means to achieve a performance goal, such as a hard tackle to win the ball, without intent to injure the opponent.

Balanced diet

A diet supplying energy and all nutrients in correct proportion, commonly about 55 to 60 percent carbohydrate, 20 to 30 percent fat and 10 to 15 percent protein.

Energy value of nutrients

Carbohydrates and proteins each yield about four kilocalories per gram, while fats yield about nine kilocalories per gram, making fat the most energy-dense nutrient.

Carbohydrate loading

A pre-competition strategy of tapering training and increasing carbohydrate intake over two to three days to maximise muscle glycogen for endurance events.

Anorexia nervosa

An eating disorder marked by severe restriction of food intake, very low body weight, intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image.

Female athlete triad

The combination of low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction and reduced bone mineral density, seen in athletes who train heavily while eating too little.

Validity and reliability

Validity means a test measures what it claims to measure; reliability means it gives consistent results on repeated testing. A valid test must also be reliable.

Harvard step test

A cardiovascular fitness test using a fixed-height bench, a set stepping rate and recovery heart rates to estimate aerobic capacity and rate of recovery.

Criterion-referenced evaluation

Judging a performer's score against a predetermined standard or criterion rather than against the scores of other participants.

Newton's third law

Every action has an equal and opposite reaction; this explains how a runner or jumper pushes against the ground and is propelled forward or upward.

Third-class lever

A lever in which the effort acts between the fulcrum and the load; this is the most common arrangement in the human body, as in the biceps curl.

Centre of gravity

The point at which the body's weight is evenly balanced, near the second sacral vertebra when standing; lowering it and widening the base improves stability.

Knockout tournament byes

In a single-elimination draw, byes equal the next power of two above the number of teams minus the number of teams, given in the first round only.

Round robin fixture formula

In a single round robin, each team plays every other team once; with n teams the total number of matches is n multiplied by n minus one, divided by two.

Soft adventure

A low-risk adventure activity needing limited skill and fitness, such as a nature walk, camping or cycling, in contrast to hard adventure activities like mountaineering.

Situational leadership

A leadership approach in which the coach changes style according to the situation, the task demands and the experience and maturity of the team members.