RBSE VU IT and ITeS flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Volatile memory

Memory that loses its stored contents when power is switched off. RAM, cache, and registers are volatile; hard disks, SSDs, and flash drives are non-volatile.

Operating system

System software that manages hardware, memory, processes, files, and devices, and provides the interface through which users and applications run programs.

Absolute cell reference

A cell address written with dollar signs, such as $B$4, that stays fixed when the formula is copied to another cell. Relative references shift instead.

VLOOKUP function

Searches the first column of a table for a value and returns a cell from a specified column in the same row. FALSE as last argument forces an exact match.

Slide master

A presentation template layer that stores theme fonts, colours, and placeholder positions so every slide inherits consistent formatting and can be updated in one place.

DNS

Domain Name System: a distributed naming service that translates human-readable domain names such as example.com into numeric IP addresses that computers use to route traffic.

Bcc field

Blind carbon copy. Recipients listed here receive the message, but their addresses are hidden from other recipients, protecting privacy in group mailings.

HTTPS

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure: HTTP traffic carried inside TLS encryption, so data between browser and server cannot be read or altered in transit.

Primary key

A column or combination of columns whose values uniquely identify each row in a table. It cannot contain duplicates or null values.

Foreign key

A column in one table that references the primary key of another table, enforcing referential integrity so records cannot point to non-existent parents.

Third normal form

A table is in 3NF when it is in 2NF and no non-key column depends on another non-key column; transitive dependencies are removed to cut redundancy.

SQL WHERE versus HAVING

WHERE filters individual rows before grouping; HAVING filters aggregated groups after GROUP BY. Conditions on SUM, COUNT, or AVG belong in HAVING.

KPO

Knowledge Process Outsourcing: outsourcing of high-value, judgement-based work such as research, analytics, legal review, and financial modelling, requiring specialist expertise.

Offshore delivery

A service delivery model where work is performed in a different country from the client, typically to access lower costs and round-the-clock coverage.

Service Level Agreement

A contract annex defining measurable service targets such as response time, resolution time, accuracy, and availability, with penalties or credits when targets are missed.

SIPOC diagram

A high-level process map listing Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, and Customers. It defines process boundaries before detailed flowcharting begins.

DMAIC

Six Sigma improvement cycle: Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve, Control. Used to improve an existing process; DMADV is used to design a new one.

Average handling time

AHT: total talk, hold, and after-call work time divided by the number of contacts handled. A core staffing and efficiency metric in BPO operations.

Active listening

Fully concentrating on a speaker, withholding interruption, paraphrasing to confirm understanding, asking clarifying questions, and summarising before responding.

Empathy statement

A response that names the customer's feeling without admitting fault, such as acknowledging frustration, which lowers tension before problem solving begins.

Assertive communication

Expressing needs and limits respectfully and directly using "I" statements, without blaming others (aggressive) or suppressing the issue (passive).

Multi-factor authentication

Access control requiring two or more independent evidence types: something you know, something you have, or something you are. It blocks stolen-password attacks.

Ransomware

Malicious software that encrypts a victim's files and demands payment for the decryption key. Recovery relies on offline backups, not on paying.

Phishing

A social-engineering attack using deceptive email or messages that impersonate a trusted party to steal credentials, install malware, or trigger a fraudulent payment.

Break-even point

The sales volume at which total revenue equals total cost, so profit is zero. Calculated as fixed costs divided by unit price minus unit variable cost.

STAR method

An interview answer structure: Situation, Task, Action, Result. It gives concrete evidence of behaviour and ends with a measurable outcome.

Value proposition

A short statement of the specific benefit a product or service delivers to a defined customer segment, and why it beats the alternatives available to them.

SMART objective

A goal stated so it is Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound, making completion verifiable against documented evidence in a project report.

Project scope statement

A written boundary listing what the project will and will not deliver. It prevents scope creep and anchors assessment of completeness.

Portfolio evidence

Tangible proof of skill such as source files, captioned screenshots, test logs, and a reflection note, showing the candidate's own contribution and result.

Test log

A record of each test case with input, expected result, actual result, and pass or fail status, used to demonstrate verification in a practical project.

Cache vs cookies

Cache stores page resources for faster loading; cookies store site state and login sessions. Clearing cookies signs you out; clearing cache only re-downloads files.