Basic Computer Knowledge
Basic Computer Knowledge
This domain tests computer hardware, software, operating systems, storage, networking and basic security. ECG machines are computerised devices, so file storage, cables, displays and data protection are practical concerns.
Core rules
- A bit is a binary digit; 8 bits make 1 byte. RAM is volatile working memory; ROM retains firmware without power.
- Input devices send data into a computer; output devices present results. A touchscreen can do both.
- An operating system manages hardware, files and applications.
- A LAN covers a limited area; the internet is a global network of networks.
- Phishing tricks a user into revealing credentials; malware is malicious software.
Worked example
How many bytes are in 2 KB using 1 KB = 1024 bytes? Multiply: 2 x 1024 = 2048 bytes. The reasoning is that KB is a binary-based storage unit in this convention, not 1000 bytes. If the question uses decimal storage units, the answer may differ, so the stated convention matters.
Traps that cost marks
Do not confuse Mb (megabit) with MB (megabyte); network speeds often use megabits. RAM loses data when power is off, while ROM does not. A strong password is not the same as encryption. In ECG data handling, storing patient records on an unsecured personal drive breaches confidentiality.