Rajasthan CET Graduate key terms

A district in southern Rajasthan known for the Aravalli ranges, the Sundha Mata temple and Mount Abu's transport links; its economy rests on marble, agriculture and tourism.

An ancient fold mountain chain running southwest to northeast across Rajasthan, acting as a water divide and blocking the Thar desert's eastward spread; Guru Shikhar is its highest peak.

The highest peak of the Aravalli Range and of Rajasthan, located near Mount Abu in Sirohi district at roughly 1,722 metres above sea level.

The arid region of western Rajasthan marked by sand dunes, scanty rainfall and high temperature variation; it covers districts such as Jaisalmer, Barmer and Bikaner.

The principal river of Rajasthan, rising near Ajmer in the Aravallis and flowing southwest through the desert to the Rann of Kachchh; its water turns saline downstream.

A perennial river forming part of Rajasthan's eastern boundary with Madhya Pradesh, noted for deep ravines, the Kota barrage and several hydro-power and irrigation projects.

A major irrigation canal drawing from the Harike barrage in Punjab and running across northwestern Rajasthan, extending cultivation into districts such as Ganganagar, Hanumangarh and Jaisalmer.

A wetland and bird sanctuary near Bharatpur in eastern Rajasthan, formerly a royal hunting reserve, famous as a wintering ground for migratory waterbirds and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

A tiger reserve in Sawai Madhopur district of Rajasthan, set among dry deciduous forest and historic ruins, and a key site under Project Tiger.

A tiger reserve in Alwar district of Rajasthan within the Aravalli hills; it gained attention after tigers were reintroduced following local extinction.

In Hindu tradition, one of the ever-living beings such as Hanuman, Parashurama or Ashwatthama; the term also denotes long-lived persons in Rajasthan's folk memory.

A folk deity worshipped locally in Rajasthan, often a hero or ancestor later deified, such as Pabuji, Gogaji, Tejaji or Ramdevji; cults blend regional history with devotional practice.

A folk hero-deity of western Rajasthan revered by pastoral communities; his epic is performed with the Phad scroll painting and the Ravanhattha bowed instrument.

A folk deity popular in Rajasthan and neighbouring states, associated with snake protection; devotees observe the Gogamedi fair and sing his oral epic.

A folk hero-deity of Rajasthan remembered for sacrifice and bravery, especially among Jat and other agrarian communities; his shrine fairs are held in Nagaur and Ajmer regions.

A long cloth scroll painting tradition of Rajasthan, especially Shahpura, depicting folk epics of deities such as Pabuji and Devnarayan, sung by itinerant bards.

A portable wooden folding shrine from Rajasthan, painted with narrative panels that unfold to tell devotional stories, traditionally made by the Suthar community.

A town in Nagaur district of Rajasthan known for a hill fort, historic frescoed havelis and salt and agricultural trade in the surrounding region.

A 1576 battle in the Aravalli passes near Gogunda in which Maharana Pratap's forces fought the Mughal army of Akbar led by Man Singh; it ended inconclusively with heavy losses.

Ruler of Mewar from 1572 to 1597, known for sustained resistance to Mughal expansion, the battle of Haldighati and later guerrilla recovery of Mewar territories.

A historic Rajput kingdom in southern Rajasthan centred on Udaipur and Chittorgarh, ruled by the Sisodia dynasty and known for long resistance to external conquest.

The three-tier system of rural local self-government in India, comprising gram panchayat, panchayat samiti and zila parishad, established by the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992.

A 1992 amendment adding Part IX and the Eleventh Schedule to the Constitution, mandating elected panchayats, reservation of seats and a State Election Commission.

The body of all registered voters in a village panchayat area, functioning as the base of the panchayati raj system and exercising powers assigned by state law.

A constitutional provision allowing the President to assume the functions of a state government on a Governor's report when constitutional machinery has failed, subject to parliamentary approval.

The constitutional head of a state, appointed by the President, who exercises executive power largely on the advice of the state council of ministers and holds discretionary powers in defined cases.

The head of a state government in India, appointed by the Governor and normally the leader of the majority party in the legislative assembly; the CM heads the council of ministers.

A list of citizen obligations in Part IVA, added by the 42nd Amendment on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee; they are non-justiciable but guide civic conduct.

Justiciable rights guaranteed in Part III of the Indian Constitution, covering equality, freedom, protection against exploitation, religion, culture and education, and constitutional remedies.

A formal application to a court seeking a specific order such as habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, certiorari or quo warranto, chiefly used to enforce fundamental rights.

The power of courts to examine laws and executive actions for conformity with the Constitution and to declare them invalid when they violate its provisions.

A British annexation policy applied chiefly by Lord Dalhousie, under which states without a natural male heir were absorbed; it affected several princely states and fuelled 1857 discontent.

A system introduced by Lord Wellesley under which Indian rulers accepted British troops and residents in their territory, surrendered foreign policy and paid for the force.

A widespread uprising against British rule beginning with sepoys at Meerut and spreading across northern and central India; it led to Crown rule replacing the East India Company.

A political organisation founded in 1885 that became the principal vehicle of the Indian freedom movement, later forming India's dominant political party after independence.

A mass campaign launched by Gandhi in 1920-22 urging boycott of British institutions, courts and schools; it was suspended after the Chauri Chaura violence.

A campaign of deliberate law-breaking launched by Gandhi with the Dandi Salt March of 1930, aimed at British salt laws and colonial authority; it spread widely across India.

A 1942 mass movement demanding immediate British withdrawal from India, launched after the All India Congress Committee's Bombay resolution; it led to large-scale arrests.