Telangana High Court Examiner cheat sheet

Telangana was formed on 2 June 2014 as the 29th state of India under the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014; Hyderabad serves as its joint capital until 2024.

The Telangana Legislative Assembly has 119 seats and the Legislative Council 40 seats; the state sends 17 members to the Lok Sabha and 7 to the Rajya Sabha.

Telangana's state symbols include the Indian Roller (pala pitta) as state bird, the Tangaidi (Chital) as state animal, the Tangedu flower as state flower and the Jammi tree as state tree.

Key state institutions: Telangana State Public Service Commission (TSPSC), Telangana High Court (established 1 January 2019 after bifurcation of the Andhra Pradesh High Court), and the Telangana State Legal Services Authority.

Major irrigation projects: Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Scheme on the Godavari, Srisailam and Nagarjuna Sagar on the Krishna, and the Mission Kakatiya tank restoration programme.

Telangana districts number 33 after the 2016 reorganisation; major cities include Hyderabad, Warangal, Nizamabad, Karimnagar and Khammam.

Current affairs questions on this exam typically cover appointments to constitutional offices, central and state schemes, awards, sports events, and recent Supreme Court judgments.

Subject-verb agreement: a singular subject takes a singular verb; phrases between subject and verb (e.g., 'along with', 'as well as') do not change the verb number.

Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds, 'an' before vowel sounds (an hour, a university); 'the' for specific or unique references.

Tense sequencing in reported speech: present becomes past, present perfect becomes past perfect, and 'will' becomes 'would' when the reporting verb is past.

Common confusables tested: affect/effect, principal/principle, stationary/stationery, complement/compliment, eminent/imminent.

Active to passive: object becomes subject, verb becomes 'be + past participle', and the agent is introduced by 'by'; keep tense unchanged.

Prepositions of time: 'in' for months/years, 'on' for days/dates, 'at' for clock times; 'since' with a point in time, 'for' with a duration.

Idiom and phrase usage: 'to bite the bullet' (to endure pain), 'to burn the midnight oil' (to work late), 'a bolt from the blue' (sudden shock).

Cloze and comprehension strategy: read the full passage first, identify the theme, then eliminate options that violate grammar or contradict the passage.

Telugu script has 16 achchulu (vowels), 36 hallulu (consonants), and three types of conjuncts: vattulu, dvitvaksharalu and samyuktaksharalu.

Sandhi rules: Savarnadeergha sandhi joins similar vowels into a long vowel (e.g., రామ + ఆలయం = రామాలయం); Guna sandhi combines అ/ఆ with ఇ/ఈ to give ఏ.

Samasa types include Tatpurusha, Karmadharaya, Dvigu, Dvandva, Bahuvrihi and Avyayibhava; identifying the type is a common exam item.

Alankaras: Upama (simile), Rupaka (metaphor), Atishayokti (hyperbole), Shlesha (pun) and Yamaka (rhyme repetition) are frequently tested.

Telugu literary ages: Adikavi Nannaya's Mahabharata translation marks the start of Telugu literature; subsequent eras include Prabandha, Shesha, Dvipada and modern periods.

Key poets: Nannaya, Tikkana, Errana (Kavitrayam), Srinatha, Potana, Tenali Ramakrishna, Kshetrayya, and modern writers Gurajada Apparao, Sri Sri and Viswanatha Satyanarayana.

Vocabulary questions test paryayapadalu (synonyms), nanarthalu (multiple meanings), vyutpattulu (etymology) and prakriti-vikriti (root and derived forms).

Percentage change = ((new − old) / old) × 100; successive percentage changes of a% and b% give a net change of a + b + (ab/100).

Simple interest = P × R × T / 100; compound interest amount = P(1 + R/100)^T, with CI = Amount − P.

Profit and loss: profit% = (SP − CP)/CP × 100; when two articles are sold at the same price with equal gain% and loss%, the seller always incurs a net loss of (x²/100)%.

Time and work: if A does a job in x days and B in y days, together they take xy/(x + y) days; use LCM of days to set total work units.

Speed, time and distance: distance = speed × time; for equal distances at speeds a and b, average speed = 2ab/(a + b).

Averages: new average after adding a value = (old sum + new value)/(old count + 1); the average of first n natural numbers is (n + 1)/2.

Ratio and proportion: if a : b = c : d then ad = bc; for partnership, profit shares are proportional to capital × time invested.

Mensuration: area of circle = πr², circumference = 2πr; volume of cylinder = πr²h; total surface area of cube = 6a².

Number series: check differences, then ratios, then squares/cubes, then alternating patterns; prime-based and Fibonacci-type series appear frequently.

Coding-decoding: identify the shift (+1, −2, reverse alphabet) between letters of the word and its code before applying it to the target word.

Blood relations: draw a family tree with gender markers; 'maternal uncle' = mother's brother, 'paternal aunt' = father's sister.

Direction sense: use a coordinate grid; net displacement after turns is found by summing north-south and east-west components, then applying Pythagoras.

Syllogism: apply Venn diagrams; a conclusion follows only if it is true in every possible diagram consistent with the premises.

Seating arrangement: fix the definite position first, then place relative positions clockwise or anticlockwise; linear arrangements use left/right cues.

Calendar: odd days in a normal year = 1, leap year = 2; a date repeats on the same weekday after 6, 11 or 28 years depending on leap-year placement.

Analogy and classification: identify the relationship type (part-whole, cause-effect, synonym, worker-tool) and apply it consistently to the options.

MS Word shortcuts: Ctrl+B bold, Ctrl+I italic, Ctrl+U underline, Ctrl+S save, Ctrl+P print, Ctrl+Z undo, Ctrl+Y redo, Ctrl+F find.

MS Excel: a formula begins with '='; absolute references use $ (e.g., $A$1); SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT, IF, VLOOKUP are core functions tested.

MS Excel error values: #DIV/0! for division by zero, #REF! for invalid cell reference, #VALUE! for wrong argument type, #N/A for unmatched lookup.

MS PowerPoint: F5 starts a slideshow from the beginning, Shift+F5 from the current slide; slide master controls global formatting.

Computer fundamentals: RAM is volatile working memory, ROM is non-volatile; 1 KB = 1024 bytes, 1 MB = 1024 KB, 1 GB = 1024 MB.

Shortcut keys: Ctrl+C copy, Ctrl+V paste, Ctrl+X cut, Alt+Tab switch windows, Ctrl+Alt+Del security screen, PrtScr capture screen.

Internet basics: HTTP/HTTPS are web protocols, SMTP sends mail, POP3/IMAP receive mail; a URL has protocol, domain and path components.

File management: extensions identify file types (.docx Word, .xlsx Excel, .pptx PowerPoint, .pdf portable document); 'Save As' changes format or location.

The Constitution was adopted on 26 November 1949 and came into force on 26 January 1950; Dr B.R. Ambedkar chaired the Drafting Committee.

Fundamental Rights are in Part III (Articles 12–35); the Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32) is called the 'heart and soul' of the Constitution by Ambedkar.

Directive Principles of State Policy are in Part IV (Articles 36–51); they are non-justiciable but fundamental in governance.

Fundamental Duties are in Part IVA (Article 51A), added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976.

The President is the constitutional head (Article 52); executive power is exercised by the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister (Article 74).

Judicial review flows from Articles 13, 32 and 226; the Supreme Court's jurisdiction includes original (Article 131), appellate (132–134) and writ (32) powers.

Amendments follow Article 368; the Kesavananda Bharati (1973) case established the basic structure doctrine limiting amendment power.

Emergency provisions: national emergency (Article 352), state emergency (Article 356) and financial emergency (Article 360).

Civil procedure: a suit begins with a plaint under Order VII CPC; the defendant files a written statement, then issues are framed under Order XIV.

Criminal procedure: FIR is recorded under Section 154 CrPC (now Section 173 BNSS); investigation, charge sheet and cognizance follow.

Summons and service: Order V CPC governs service of summons; substituted service is permitted when normal service fails.

Evidence: examination-in-chief, cross-examination and re-examination are the three stages under the Indian Evidence Act (now Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam).

Limitation: the Limitation Act, 1963 prescribes periods (e.g., 3 years for money suits, 12 years for possession of immovable property).

Court hierarchy: Supreme Court, High Court, district and sessions courts, and subordinate civil and criminal courts; appeals follow this hierarchy.

Adjournments are governed by Order XVII CPC; costs may be imposed for unnecessary delay under Section 35 CPC.

Contempt jurisdiction of the High Court is under Article 215; the Contempt of Courts Act, 1971 defines civil and criminal contempt.

A plaint must contain the name and description of parties, cause of action, jurisdiction, relief claimed and valuation, per Order VII Rule 1 CPC.

A written statement must respond to each material allegation and raise specific denials; evasive denial may be treated as admission under Order VIII.

An affidavit must be sworn before a competent authority and should state facts, not legal arguments; false statements attract perjury liability.

A legal notice should identify the sender, the recipient, the grievance, the demand and the time allowed (commonly 15 days) before suit.

Court records must be preserved under the High Court's record-keeping rules; certified copies are issued under the Copying Rules on payment of prescribed fees.

Cause-title format: court name, case number, parties (plaintiff/petitioner versus defendant/respondent) and the subject heading.

Drafting rules: use precise language, define terms on first use, avoid ambiguity, and ensure the prayer clause matches the relief sought in the body.

Record retention: case files, registers and exhibits are indexed and paginated; destruction follows the prescribed retention schedule after final disposal and appeal periods.