Telangana High Court Examiner key terms

Constitutional provision empowering High Courts to issue writs such as habeas corpus, mandamus, certiorari, prohibition and quo warranto to enforce fundamental rights or for any other legal purpose.

A formal application filed before a High Court seeking a writ or direction against a person or authority. It is registered as a separate case type with its own filing and numbering rules.

The legal right of a person to bring a matter before a court because that person has a sufficient interest or is directly affected by the issue raised.

A proceeding initiated to protect the interests of the public at large, where traditional standing rules are relaxed so that any concerned person may approach the court.

A written statement of facts sworn or affirmed by a deponent before an authorised officer. It supports pleadings and applications and exposes the deponent to consequences for false statements.

A document by which a party authorises an advocate to appear and act on that party's behalf in a case, signed by the party and accepted by the advocate.

A notice lodged by a person likely to be affected by an application, requesting that no order be passed without hearing that person. It has a limited validity period fixed by rules.

An application made during the pendency of a main case seeking an interim or ancillary order, such as stay, injunction or extension of time, without deciding the suit itself.

A proceeding or order made in the absence of one party, usually after that party has failed to appear or respond despite notice.

A formal document issued by a court directing a person to appear before it on a specified date, either as a party to the case or as a witness.

The sworn testimony of a witness recorded by the court in a case, reduced to writing and signed, forming part of the record for later use.

A copy of a court document or order issued by the authorised copying section under its seal and signature, certifying that it is a true reproduction of the original.

The daily schedule published by a court listing the cases to be heard, together with the court hall, item number and stage of each case.

The official register or index in which a case is entered with its number, parties, dates of hearing and orders passed, enabling tracking of its progress.

The section of a court where case files, registers and disposed records are preserved, maintained and retrieved under prescribed custody and destruction rules.

The concluding portion of a pleading or affidavit in which the deponent declares that the contents are true to the best of knowledge, information and belief, with the date and place stated.

The written statement of claim filed by a plaintiff before a civil court, setting out the facts, the cause of action and the relief sought from the defendant.

The defendant's reply to a plaint, admitting or denying each allegation and raising objections and counter-claims, filed within the time allowed by the court.

Evidence given orally by a witness under oath in court, as distinct from documentary evidence, and weighed by the court while deciding facts in issue.

Guarantees in Part III of the Constitution, such as equality, freedom of speech, life and personal liberty, and constitutional remedies, enforceable against the State.

Guidelines in Part IV of the Constitution directing the State towards social and economic welfare. They are not directly enforceable in courts but are fundamental in governance.

The principle that Parliament cannot amend the Constitution so as to destroy its essential features, such as supremacy of the Constitution, judicial review and free elections.

The power of courts to examine legislative and executive action for conformity with the Constitution and to declare unconstitutional action invalid.

The arrangement under which the legislature, executive and judiciary exercise distinct functions and check one another, preventing concentration of authority in a single organ.

The system of local self-government through gram panchayats, mandal and district-level bodies, constituted under the 73rd Constitutional Amendment and Telangana's state legislation.

The statutory right of citizens to seek information from public authorities, subject to exemptions, with a time limit for reply and appeal remedies for refusal.

The essential legal reasoning on which a court's decision rests. It binds lower courts in later cases presenting the same material facts.

Remarks made by a judge that are not necessary to the decision. They carry persuasive value but are not binding on courts deciding later cases.

A previously decided case that supplies authority for deciding a later case with similar facts, following the hierarchy of courts and the doctrine of binding precedent.

The rule that a matter finally decided by a competent court cannot be litigated again between the same parties, protecting finality of judgments and preventing vexatious suits.

The time fixed by statute within which a suit, appeal or application must be filed. Delay beyond it may bar the remedy unless condoned on sufficient cause.

A shortcut method for finding the mean of equally spaced numbers: the average of the first and last terms equals the average of the whole series.

The difference between a new value and an original value, divided by the original value and multiplied by one hundred, showing relative increase or decrease.

Interest computed only on the original principal for the whole period, using the formula principal multiplied by rate multiplied by time divided by one hundred.

A form of deductive reasoning with two premises and a conclusion, tested for validity by checking whether the conclusion necessarily follows from the stated premises.

Reasoning puzzles that describe family links in coded or narrative form and ask the candidate to identify the exact relationship between two named persons.

A puzzle type in which people are placed in rows, circles or squares under given conditions, and the candidate must fix each person's position from the clues.

A sequence of numbers following a hidden rule, such as addition, multiplication or squares, where the candidate must find the missing or next term.

The address of a worksheet cell formed by its column letter and row number, such as B7. Absolute references use dollar signs to lock the column or row.

The strip in a spreadsheet application that displays and lets the user edit the contents of the active cell, including formulas and functions.

A word-processing feature that combines a single template document with a list of records to produce personalised letters, labels or envelopes in one operation.

The Telugu grammatical process of joining two words or word elements, with the ending and beginning sounds changing according to prescribed rules to form a single word.

A Telugu compound in which two or more words combine into one expression, with the relationship between the parts understood from context rather than stated by a suffix.

Telugu prosody: the system of metres defined by syllable count, weight patterns and pauses, used to classify and compose classical verse.

A figure of speech or poetic ornament in Telugu literature, such as simile or metaphor, that heightens the expressive effect of a composition.

A fixed expression whose meaning cannot be worked out from its individual words, used as a single unit in a sentence in English language tests.

A verb combined with a preposition or adverb that together carry a meaning different from the verb alone, such as give up or put off.

Two ways of presenting the same action: the active makes the doer the subject, while the passive makes the receiver the subject with a form of be plus past participle.