Telugu Language and Comprehension
What this domain tests
Telugu grammar (sandhi, samasa, vibhakti, alankara, chandassu), vocabulary (paryayapadalu, nanarthalu, vyutpattyarthalu, prakriti-vikritulu), and comprehension of a Telugu passage. Expect questions on classical metres as well as modern usage.
Core rules
- Sandhi: savarna deerga (అ + ఆ = ఆ), guna (అ + ఇ = ఏ), vriddhi (అ + ఎ = ఐ), yanadesha, trika, dvitva.
- Samasa: tatpurusha, karmadharaya, dvandva, bahuvrihi, dvigu.
- Alankara: upama (comparison), rupaka (metaphor), atishayokti (hyperbole), shlesha (pun), ardhantharanyasa.
- Chandassu: utpalamala, champakamala, shardulam and mattebham are identified by their gana pattern and the number of syllables per line.
- Vibhakti: eight cases, recognised by their pratyaya endings.
Worked example
Split దేవాలయము. It is దేవ + ఆలయము. The final అ of the first word meets the initial ఆ of the second and both merge into a long ఆ. That is savarna deerga sandhi. By contrast, గుణ సంధి would give ఏ from అ + ఇ, as in దేవ + ఇంద్రుడు = దేవేంద్రుడు.
Traps that cost marks
- Calling every vowel merger a guna sandhi; check the actual vowels produced.
- Confusing dvandva (both words retain equal importance) with bahuvrihi (the compound denotes something else entirely).
- Mixing up nanarthalu (one word, many meanings) with paryayapadalu (many words, one meaning).
- Reading comprehension options in modern paraphrase when the passage uses classical diction.