Telangana High Court Junior Assistant cheat sheet

Telangana formed 2 June 2014 as the 29th state under the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014; Hyderabad is its capital and continues as joint capital for a period fixed by that Act.

Telangana has 33 districts after the 2016 reorganisation and the 2019 addition of Mulugu and Narayanpet; the state has 17 Lok Sabha and 119 Assembly constituencies.

Constitutional offices: Governor appointed by the President, Chief Minister as head of government, and the state legislature with 119 MLAs plus the Legislative Council.

National symbols to fix dates: Republic Day 26 January 1950, Independence Act 1947, Constitution adopted 26 November 1949 (celebrated as Constitution Day).

Key national institutions: Supreme Court (1950), Election Commission of India (Article 324), NITI Aayog (2015, replacing Planning Commission), RBI (1935).

Telangana economy anchors: IT and IT-enabled services in Hyderabad, Pharma City, agriculture (rice, cotton), and the Ramagundam and Kothagudem power clusters.

Current affairs questions usually track the last 6-12 months: budget highlights, new schemes, sports champions, awards (Bharat Ratna, Padma), and appointments to constitutional posts.

Subject-verb agreement: singular subject takes singular verb; collective nouns take a singular verb when acting as one unit, plural when members act individually.

Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds, 'an' before vowel sounds (an hour, a university); 'the' for definite or unique references.

Tenses: present perfect (has/have + past participle) for past action with present relevance; past perfect (had + participle) for the earlier of two past actions.

Active to passive: object becomes subject, verb becomes be + past participle, agent introduced by 'by' (They wrote the letter -> The letter was written by them).

Direct to indirect speech: shift tense back one step, change pronouns to match reporter, and adjust time/place words (now -> then, today -> that day).

Prepositions with fixed collocations: 'comprise' takes no 'of', 'consist of', 'differ from', 'superior to', 'prefer to', 'married to'.

Spotting errors: check pronoun case after prepositions, double comparatives (more better is wrong), and misplaced only/even/also.

Synonyms/antonyms and one-word substitutions are high-yield: 'ephemeral' = short-lived, 'ubiquitous' = everywhere, 'philanthropist' = one who donates to good causes.

Percentage change: new = old x (1 + r/100); successive changes of a% then b% give net = a + b + ab/100.

Profit and loss: SP = CP x (100 + profit%)/100; when two articles are sold at same price with equal gain and loss percentages, there is always a net loss of (x^2/100)%.

Simple interest SI = P x R x T / 100; compound interest CI = P[(1 + R/100)^T - 1]; CI - SI for 2 years = P(R/100)^2.

Time-speed-distance: distance = speed x time; for equal distances at speeds u and v, average speed = 2uv/(u+v); trains crossing need relative speed and total length.

Work: if A alone takes a days and B alone b days, together they take ab/(a+b) days; use one day's work as the unit.

Ratio and mixtures: alligation rule (cheaper quantity : dearer quantity) = (dearer price - mean) : (mean - cheaper price).

Averages: new average after adding a value = (old sum + value)/new count; in an arithmetic progression average equals the middle term.

Mensuration: area of circle pir^2, circumference 2pir, volume of cylinder pir^2*h, sphere (4/3)pir^3, and Pythagoras for right triangles.

Permutation and combination: nPr = n!/(n-r)!, nCr = n!/[r!(n-r)!]; probability = favourable outcomes / total outcomes.

Number series: test differences, then ratios, then squares/cubes, then alternating or prime-based patterns before assuming a rule.

Coding-decoding: convert letters to positions 1-26; check shift (+n/-n), reversal, opposite-letter (A-Z, B-Y) and position-sum rules.

Blood relations: draw a family tree with gender markers; 'brother of my father's only son' resolves to the speaker's brother or the speaker himself.

Direction sense: fix north up, use Pythagoras for shortest distance after successive turns; left/right reverses when facing south.

Syllogism: valid only if the conclusion holds in every possible Venn diagram of the premises; 'some A are B' does not imply 'some B are not A'.

Seating arrangement: place fixed-position clues first, then relative clues; circular arrangements have (n-1)! permutations, and facing-in/facing-out reverses left and right.

Clocks and calendars: hands coincide 11 times in 12 hours; angle = |30H - 5.5M|; odd-day method gives the day of the week for any date.

Analytical puzzles: build a grid of entities and attributes, mark definite placements, and eliminate options rather than solving the whole puzzle.

Computer generations: first used vacuum tubes, second transistors, third integrated circuits, fourth microprocessors, fifth AI-based; CPU = ALU + control unit + registers.

Memory hierarchy: registers > cache > RAM > secondary storage; 1 KB = 1024 bytes, 1 MB = 1024 KB, 1 GB = 1024 MB.

Shortcuts: Ctrl+C copy, Ctrl+X cut, Ctrl+V paste, Ctrl+Z undo, Ctrl+Y redo, Ctrl+S save, Ctrl+P print, Ctrl+F find, Alt+Tab switch windows.

MS Word: Ctrl+B bold, Ctrl+U underline, Ctrl+E centre, Ctrl+J justify; header/footer repeats on every page; mail merge combines a main document with a data source.

MS Excel: every formula starts with '='; relative reference A1 changes on copy, absolute $A$1 does not; SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT, IF, VLOOKUP are core functions.

Excel errors: #DIV/0! division by zero, #REF! deleted reference, #VALUE! wrong data type, #N/A lookup value not found.

MS PowerPoint: F5 starts slideshow from beginning, Shift+F5 from current slide; slide master controls consistent formatting across slides.

Networking and security: IP address identifies a device on a network, HTTP/HTTPS for web, email needs SMTP to send and POP3/IMAP to receive; a firewall filters traffic.

File extensions: .docx Word, .xlsx Excel, .pptx PowerPoint, .pdf portable document, .jpg image, .exe executable.

High Court of Judicature at Hyderabad was the common High Court for Andhra Pradesh and Telangana until the separate High Court for Telangana was established in 2019 at Hyderabad.

Article 214 establishes a High Court for each state; Article 215 makes it a court of record; Article 226 gives power to issue writs (habeas corpus, mandamus, certiorari, prohibition, quo warranto).

Judges of a High Court are appointed by the President; retirement age is 62; the Chief Justice of India is consulted in appointments under the Memorandum of Procedure.

Article 141: law declared by the Supreme Court is binding on all courts; Article 142 gives the Supreme Court power to do complete justice.

Hierarchy: Supreme Court > High Court > District and Sessions Court > subordinate civil (Junior Civil Judge) and criminal (Judicial Magistrate) courts; Lok Adalat and Nyaya Panchayats at the grassroots.

Civil procedure basics: plaint, written statement, issues, evidence, decree; criminal procedure: FIR under Section 173 BNSS (formerly 154 CrPC), arrest, bail, charge, trial.

Telangana administration: Chief Secretary heads the state secretariat; District Collector heads district administration; Superintendent of Police heads district police.

Legal maxims for objective questions: res judicata (a matter already adjudged), audi alteram partem (hear the other side), actus reus and mens rea (guilty act and guilty mind).

Junior Assistant duties in the High Court: maintain files and registers, assist in drafting and correspondence, handle e-filing and case information systems, and follow the High Court service rules.