First Aid and Emergency Care: CPR, Bleeding and Burns
What this domain tests
First Aid and Emergency Care tests immediate, safe action at the scene: CPR, choking, bleeding, fractures, burns, shock, poisoning and triage. Questions reward the correct sequence and forbid harmful folk remedies.
Core rules
- Use DRABC: Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation. Shout for help and call emergency services early.
- Adult CPR: compressions at 100–120/min, depth 5–6 cm, ratio 30 compressions to 2 breaths. Allow full chest recoil and minimise interruptions.
- Severe external bleeding: apply firm direct pressure with a clean cloth; add layers if soaked; do not remove the first dressing.
- Choking in a conscious adult: encourage coughing; if ineffective, give 5 back blows then 5 abdominal thrusts, alternating.
- Burns: cool with running water for about 20 minutes; remove rings and loose clothing; do not burst blisters or apply ice, oil or toothpaste.
- Shock: lay the person flat, keep warm, raise legs if no fracture, and do not give food or drink.
Worked example
An adult collapses in a school corridor. He is unresponsive and not breathing normally. Reason it out: danger is checked, help is shouted for, and emergency services are called. Start chest compressions immediately, 30 compressions to 2 rescue breaths, at 100–120/min and 5–6 cm depth. Use an AED as soon as it arrives, follow its voice prompts, and continue until the person breathes or trained help takes over. Do not spend time searching for a pulse if untrained.
Traps
- Giving water to an unconscious person.
- Applying ice directly to a burn.
- Pulling out an impaled object.
- Leaving a breathing but unconscious person on the back without airway protection; use the recovery position.