Tamil Nadu HSE Second Year Employability Skills flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Communication process

Sender encodes a message and transmits it through a channel; the receiver decodes it and responds with feedback. Noise at any stage distorts the message.

Seven Cs

Clear, Concise, Concrete, Correct, Coherent, Complete and Courteous: a checklist for any message, used to reduce ambiguity and hold the receiver's attention.

Active listening

A listening style in which the receiver gives full attention, does not interrupt, paraphrases what was said and asks clarifying questions to confirm the meaning.

Non-verbal communication

Meaning carried without words through facial expression, gestures, posture, eye contact, personal space, touch, timing and tone of voice; it often reveals feelings the speaker does not state.

Semantic barrier

A communication barrier created by word meanings: jargon, technical terms, ambiguous wording, or words that the sender and receiver interpret differently.

Grapevine communication

Informal, unofficial message flow through personal networks inside an organisation. It is fast but often inaccurate, so official decisions should travel through formal channels.

Feedback

The receiver's response that tells the sender whether the message was received and understood; good feedback is specific, timely and focused on behaviour, not on the person.

Emotional intelligence

The ability to recognise and manage one's own emotions and to respond to others' feelings; Goleman's five parts are self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy and social skills.

SMART goal

A goal stated so that it is Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time-bound, which makes progress trackable and completion far more likely.

SWOT analysis

A four-box self-assessment: internal Strengths and Weaknesses plus external Opportunities and Threats, used to plan personal development or business strategy.

Johari Window

A self-awareness model with four quadrants - open, blind, hidden and unknown - showing what a person knows about themselves and what others know.

Eisenhower matrix

A time-management grid sorting tasks by urgency and importance: do urgent-important work now, schedule important work, delegate urgent-unimportant work and drop the rest.

Eustress

Short-term, manageable stress that sharpens focus and improves performance, as opposed to distress, which is prolonged, unpleasant and damaging to health.

Bcc

Blind carbon copy: addresses entered here receive the email but are hidden from other recipients, protecting privacy when mailing a large list.

Two-factor authentication

A login method needing two different proofs of identity, typically a password plus a one-time code sent to the phone, so a stolen password alone cannot open the account.

Phishing

Fraud in which a message imitates a trusted bank, employer or website and creates urgency to make the receiver reveal passwords, OTPs or card details, or click a malicious link.

Absolute cell reference

A spreadsheet reference written with dollar signs, such as $B$4, that stays fixed on the same cell when the formula is copied or filled into other cells.

UPI

Unified Payments Interface, an Indian real-time payment system that transfers money between bank accounts using a virtual payment address, mobile app or QR code.

3-2-1 backup rule

Keep three copies of important data on two different types of storage media, with one copy stored off-site, so a single failure cannot destroy everything.

Plagiarism

Presenting another person's words, ideas, images or data as one's own without credit; avoided by quoting exactly, citing the source and paraphrasing in your own words.

Entrepreneur

A person who spots a market opportunity, gathers land, labour, capital and technology, bears the risk of the venture and earns profit or absorbs loss.

Intrapreneur

An employee who develops a new product, process or service inside an existing organisation using its resources, showing entrepreneurial behaviour without owning the business.

Business plan

A written document covering the idea, market analysis, marketing, operations, management and financial projections, used to guide the venture and to convince lenders or investors.

Break-even point

The sales volume at which total revenue equals total cost, so there is neither profit nor loss; quantity equals fixed cost divided by contribution per unit.

Market research

Systematic collection of information about customers, competitors and demand. Primary data comes from surveys, interviews and observation; secondary data from reports, census and websites.

Trademark

A registered word, logo, symbol or combination that identifies a business's goods or services and separates them from competitors; in India protection lasts ten years and is renewable.

Sustainable development

Development that satisfies present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to satisfy theirs, balancing economic growth, social equity and environmental protection.

Three Rs

The waste-management order Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: avoid generating waste first, use items again second, and convert materials into new products only as the last option.

Carbon footprint

The total greenhouse gases released directly and indirectly by a person, product, event or organisation, usually measured in kilograms or tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent.

Renewable energy

Energy from sources that nature replenishes within a short time, such as sunlight, wind, flowing water, biomass and geothermal heat, unlike finite coal, petroleum and natural gas.

E-waste

Discarded electrical and electronic items such as phones, computers, batteries and lamps. They contain lead, mercury and cadmium, so they must go to authorised recyclers.

Green job

Work that helps protect or restore the environment, for example solar panel installation, waste management, water treatment, energy auditing, organic farming or sustainability reporting.