Information and Communication Technology Skills
Information and Communication Technology Skills
This domain tests practical digital literacy: computer parts, files and folders, word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, internet search, email and safe online behaviour. Expect questions that ask you to choose the correct tool, formula, email field or safety action.
Core rules and concepts
- Hardware is physical equipment; software is programs. The operating system manages files, memory and devices.
- A file has a name and extension (for example, .docx, .xlsx, .pptx). Folders organise files; a path shows location.
- In spreadsheets, a formula begins with = and recalculates when cells change. =SUM(B2:B6) adds B2 through B6. Copying a formula adjusts relative references.
- A web browser displays web pages; a search engine indexes them. Use precise keywords and check the source, date and author.
- Email fields have distinct jobs: To (main recipient), Cc (copy for information), Bcc (hidden copy), Subject (topic), Attachment (file). Reply goes to sender; Reply All goes to all recipients.
- Safe practice: use strong unique passwords, enable two-factor authentication, look for https, avoid unknown links, log out on shared devices, and protect personal data. A digital footprint is the trail you leave online.
- Netiquette: be clear, courteous, concise, avoid ALL CAPS, and do not share others' data without permission.
Worked example
A student must send a project file to a teacher and keep a classmate informed without revealing the classmate's address to other recipients. Put the teacher in To, the classmate in Bcc, write a specific subject such as 'Class 12 Economics project - final file', add a short body, attach the file, and sign off. If the file is large, use a permitted shared link. Bcc protects the classmate's email address; Cc would reveal it.
Traps that cost marks
Do not type a calculated total as text when a formula is needed. Do not confuse Cc with Bcc. Do not start a formula without =. Do not treat a web search result as automatically reliable. Do not share passwords or personal details.